时态和语态
主语+do/does1.1.1习惯性的动作或存在的状态（常与频度的时间状语连总）
表示频度的时间状语：always often usually generally sometimes rarely never 等
例句：He always makes fun of me
翻译：他总是嘲笑我
1.1.2主语的特征，状态，能力，品质等
I enjoy swimming a lot
我很喜欢游泳
1.1.3客观事实，普遍真理
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west
太阳东升西落
1.1.4安排和计划好将要发生的动作
常用的动词：be come go start begin leave return end stop take等
The sports meet takes place next week.
运动会下周举行
1.1.5主将从现
I will not go to the contryside if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨，我就不去乡下了
主语+动词过去式
1.2.1特定的时间状语：a momnet 、three days ago、last night、(the day before)yesterday等
I bought a new house last week
我上周买了新房子
shall/will + 动词原形
1.3.1一般表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态
He will be 20 years old next year
他明年就20岁了
1.3.2be going to + 动词原形
主观打算做某事，或有迹象表明即将要发生的事情
We are not going to stay here long
我们不准备在这里久留
1.3.3be + 动词不定式
表示安排、计划、约定、职责、义务、或要求将要发生的动作
Your assignment is to be handed in next Tuesday
你的作业下周二必须上交
1.3.4be about +动词不定式
即将发生的动作，不可与表示将来的时间连用
Be quiet.The film is about to start.
安静点，电影马上就要开始了
1.3.5 be +现在分词（仅限位移动词）
计划安排做某事
位移动词：go leave come start begin arrive
The plane is leaving for London
这架飞机要飞往伦敦了
1.3.6 祈使句+and/or+陈述句（陈述句用一般将来时）
Close the window,or you will catch a cold.
关上这扇窗户，否则你会感冒的
am/is/are+现在分词
2.1.1现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的动作
We are waiting for you at the school gate now
我们现在在校门口正在等你
2.1.2与always forever constantly等副词连用，表示某种感情
He is always thinking of others
他总是为他人着想
2.1.3部分动词不能用于进行时态
表感情：love,want,wish,like,hate
表感觉感知：see,hear,taste,smell,appear.look.sound
表理解、思考等心里活动：doubt,know,remeber,belive,foeget,understand
表存在的状态：remain,exist,stay
表所属关系:have,form,belong to
主语+was/were +现在分词
I was reading a novel when you called last night.
你昨天给我打电话时，我正在读一本小说。
主语+shall/will be+现在分词
The time next will we will be lying on the beach of HaiNan.
下个星期的这个时候，我们将正躺在海南的沙滩上
主语+have/has +过去分词
3.1.1固定结构
1.表示第几次做某事
This is the first time that the painting has displayed to the public.
这是该画首次公开展出
2 It/This is the best/worst/most/only....(adj.)+n.+从句（从句用现在完成时）
This is the most intresting film I have ever seen.
这是我看过最有趣的电影
3.1.2表示已经做完某事
与不确定的时间状语连用：yet,already,just也与表频度的时间状语连用：often,never,sometimes
I have just copied all the new words
我刚抄写完所有的生词
3.1.3表示过去的某一动作或行为一直持续到现在，常与表示一段的时间状语连用
so far(到目前为止），up to now(直到现在），（ever)since，for a long time，for the past few years ，all the time
Up to now,we have not received any news from her
到目前为止，我们还没有收到关于她的任何消息
3.1.4 since引导的时间状语从句一般过去时，主句用现在完成时
主语+had+过去分词
3.2.1 It was + 一段时间+since从句 句型中，从句用过去完成时
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有三个月了
3.2.2 Hardly/Scarely...when 或 No sooner...than 句型中，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他
主语+shall/will have + 过去分词
3.3.1表示一个持续到将来某时或某动作发生之前的动作（如果句中出现了“by+ 将来时”构成的时间短语，用将来时）
by the time （到…时候/位置）两种用法
①如果从句是一般现在时（表将来），那么主句常用将来完成时，表示截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作将已经完成
By the time you get back ，I will have finished the housework.
你回来的时候，我将已经做完家务了
②如果是一般过去时，那么主句通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成”，也就是动作发生在过去的过去。
By the time he returned home，the rain had stopped.
他回家的时候，雨已经停了
3.3.2表将来某时之前或动作发生之前已经完成动作
I shall have finished the job by next Friday
到下周五我将会完成这项工作
I have been waiting for an hour，but the still hasn't turned up.
我已经等了一个小时了，但他仍然没有来
I didn't know you had been waiting for me
我当时不知道你一直在等我
She said her mother would come to see her
她说她妈妈要来看她
The plan was successfully carried out.
这个计划被实施的很成功
The streets are swept every day.
马路每天都打扫
1.3.1表静态的动词或词组，如：last,hold,benfit,contain,join,mean,consist of ,have ,belong to等
Each game lasts about an hour.
每场比赛都持续了大约一个小时
1.3.2不及物动词，如：appear,die,happen,lie(躺）,remain,occur,come true,break out,take place等
The fire broke out in the forest.
森林爆发了一场火灾
主语+is/am/are+过去分词
Smokers are warned that smoking is harmful to their health.
吸烟者被警告，吸烟有害健康
主语+was/were +过去分词
They were given a warm send-off last week
上周他们收到了热烈欢送
一般将来时
主语+shall/will be +过去分词
Traffic laws will be strictly enforced next month.
下个月交通法规将被严格执行
主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词
The matter is being looked into.
这件事正在被调查中
主语+was/were+being+过去分词
The hostipal was being built when I came last time.
上次我来的时候，这家医院正在被修建中
主语+have/has +been +过去分词
Many buildings have been completed in the city.
这座城市已经建成了许多建筑
主语+had +been +过去分词
He had been warned not to tell anyone about it.
有人警告他不要告诉任何人
主语+shill/will have been +过去分词
The design will have been completed by the end of this week.
到本周末，这个设计将被完成
主语+should/woulld have been +过去分词
He said that Book One would have been finished by the end of that term
他说到本学期末，这本书将被完成
主语+would/should been +过去分词
He said that the dream would been realized someday
他说有一天他的梦会被实现
某些表主语品质或特质的
Your pen writes very smoothly
你的笔写起来很顺滑
一些系动词的主动形式表被动意义
feel ,look ,seem, taste,smeel,prove,remain
This shirt felt much softer than that one
这件衬衫摸起来比那件更柔软
绛旓細1銆佽〃绀虹殑鎰忔濅笉鍚岋細鏃舵鏄竴绉嶅姩璇嶅舰寮忥紝涓嶅悓鐨勬椂鎬佺敤浠ヨ〃绀轰笉鍚岀殑鏃堕棿涓庢柟寮忋 鏄〃绀鸿涓恒佸姩浣滃拰鐘舵佸湪鍚勭鏃堕棿鏉′欢涓嬬殑鍔ㄨ瘝褰㈠紡锛璇琛ㄧず鍔ㄤ綔涓庢墽琛岃呭拰鎵垮彈鑰呬箣闂寸殑鍏崇郴.璇佷笌鍔ㄤ綔鐨勬椂闂存病鏈夊叧绯汇2銆佸垎绫讳笉鍚岋細璇佸垎涓诲姩鍜岃鍔紝鏃舵佹湁鐜板湪鏃讹紝杩囧幓鏃讹紝灏嗘潵鏃讹紝瀹屾垚鏃剁瓑16绉嶃3銆佺敤娉曚笉鍚...
绛旓細濡備笅锛璇澶х殑鏉ュ垎鍒嗕负锛氫富鍔ㄨ鎬侊紝琚姩璇併傚畠鏉ヨ〃鐜颁富璇拰鍔ㄤ綔鐨勫叧绯伙紝鍔ㄤ綔鐨勫彂鍑鸿呰繕鏄姩浣滄壙鍙楄呫鏃舵锛氭垜浠父鍒嗕负鐜板湪鏃讹紙鍙堝垎涓轰竴鑸幇鍦ㄦ椂锛岀幇鍦ㄨ繘琛屾椂锛岀幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂锛岀幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愯繘琛屾椂}銆傝繃鍘绘椂锛堜竴鑸繃鍘绘椂锛岃繃鍘昏繘琛屾椂锛岃繃鍘诲皢鏉ユ椂锛岃繃鍘诲畬鎴愭椂绛夛級銆傚皢鏉ユ椂锛堜竴鑸皢鏉ユ椂锛屽皢鏉ヨ繘琛屾椂锛屽皢鏉ュ畬鎴...
绛旓細1銆佸姩璇嶇殑鏃舵涓昏鏈夛細涓鑸幇鍦ㄦ椂銆佺幇鍦ㄨ繘琛屾椂銆佺幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂銆佺幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愯繘琛屾椂銆佷竴鑸繃鍘绘椂銆佽繃鍘昏繘琛屾椂銆佽繃鍘诲畬鎴愭椂銆佷竴鑸繃鍘诲皢鏉ユ椂銆佷竴鑸皢鏉ユ椂銆佸皢鏉ヨ繘琛屾椂鍜屽皢鏉ュ畬鎴愭椂绛夈2銆佷竴鑸皢鏉ユ椂鐨勮〃杈炬柟寮忥細(1)涓鑸皢鏉ユ椂琛ㄧず鏈潵鐨勫姩浣滄垨鐘舵侊紝甯镐笌琛ㄧず灏嗘潵鐨勬椂闂寸姸璇紝濡傦細tomorrow, next day, soon, in ...
绛旓細鑻辫涓牴鎹椂闂村拰褰㈠紡涓鍏辨湁16绉鏃舵锛1. 涓鑸幇鍦ㄦ椂锛氱粨鏋勶細鐢卞姩璇嶈〃绀猴紱浣嗘槸锛屽鏋滀富璇槸绗笁浜虹О鍗曟暟锛屽皢璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝鏀逛负绗笁浜虹О鍗曟暟褰㈠紡锛2. 涓鑸繃鍘绘椂锛氱粨鏋勶細鐢卞姩璇嶇殑杩囧幓寮忚〃绀猴紝鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勮繃鍘诲紡鏈夎鍒欏彉娉曞拰涓嶈鍒欏彉娉曚袱绉嶏紙瑙勫垯鍙樻硶灏辨槸鍦ㄥ姩璇嶅悗闈㈠姞ed鐨勯偅绉嶏紱涓嶈鍒欏彉娉曪紝鍦ㄦ暀绉戜功鍗曡瘝鐨勫悗闈㈡湁涓...
绛旓細涓诲姩璇琛ㄧず涓昏鏄姩浣滅殑鎵ц鑰咃紝琚姩璇佽〃绀轰富璇槸鍔ㄤ綔鐨勬壙鍙楄呫傝鍔ㄨ鎬佹槸鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勪竴绉嶇壒娈婂舰寮忥紝涓鑸鏉ワ紝鍙湁闇瑕佸姩浣滃璞＄殑鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝鎵嶆湁琚姩璇併傛眽璇線鐢ㄨ銆佸彈銆佺粰绛夎鍔ㄨ瘝鏉ヨ〃绀鸿鍔ㄦ剰涔夈傝鍔ㄨ鎬佺敱鈥滃姪鍔ㄨ瘝be+鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勮繃鍘诲垎璇嶁濇瀯鎴愩傝鍔ㄨ鎬佺殑鏃舵鍙樺寲鍙敼鍙榖e鐨勫舰寮忥紝杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝閮ㄥ垎涓嶅彉...
绛旓細鑻辫鏃舵鍒嗕负16绉嶏細涓鑸幇鍦ㄣ佷竴鑸繃鍘汇佷竴鑸皢鏉ャ佽繃鍘诲皢鏉ユ椂锛屼互鍙婅繖鍥涜呯殑杩涜鏃躲佸畬鎴愭椂鍜屽畬鎴愯繘琛屾椂銆備竴鑸繃鍘绘椂 Ved 锛堣皳璇姩璇嶇敤杩囧幓寮忥級涓鑸皢鏉ユ椂 Be going to + V / Will + V 杩囧幓灏嗘潵鏃 Be鐨勮繃鍘绘椂 going to +V/ Would +V 鐜板湪杩涜鏃 Be +doing 杩囧幓杩涜鏃 was/were doing/ was...
绛旓細鍔ㄨ瘝鐨鏃舵佸拰璇鏈夛細涓鑸幇鍦ㄦ椂銆佷竴鑸繃鍘绘椂銆佷竴鑸皢鏉ユ椂銆1銆佷竴鑸幇鍦ㄦ椂锛氫竴鑸幇鍦ㄦ椂甯镐互鍔ㄨ瘝鍘熷舰琛ㄧず锛屼絾褰撲富璇槸绗笁浜虹О鍗曟暟鏃讹紝搴旂敤鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勫崟鏁扮涓変汉绉板舰寮忋備竴鑸幇鍦ㄦ椂琛ㄧず鐜板湪缁忓父鍙戠敓鎴栦範鎯х殑琛屼负鎴栫姸鎬侊紝甯镐笌usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes绛夋椂闂寸姸璇繛鐢ㄣ
绛旓細涓銆佷竴鑸皢鏉ユ椂锛氭蹇碉細琛ㄧず灏嗚鍙戠敓鐨勫姩浣滄垨瀛樺湪鐨勭姸鎬佸強鎵撶畻銆佽鍒掓垨鍑嗗鍋氭煇浜嬨傛椂闂寸姸璇細tomorrow锛宯ext day(week锛宮onth锛寉ear鈥)锛宻oon锛宨n a few minutes锛宐y鈥︼紝the day after tomorrow锛宔tc.鍩烘湰缁撴瀯锛氫富璇+am/is/are+going to + do锛泈ill/shall + do.浜屻佷竴鑸幇鍦ㄦ椂锛氭蹇碉細缁忓父銆佸弽澶...
绛旓細鑻辫鍏ぇ鏃舵鍒嗗埆鏄細涓鑸幇鍦ㄦ椂銆佷竴鑸繃鍘绘椂銆佺幇鍦ㄨ繘琛屾椂銆佽繃鍘昏繘琛屾椂銆佺幇鍦ㄥ畬鎴愭椂銆佽繃鍘诲畬鎴愭椂銆佷竴鑸皢鏉ユ椂鍜岃繃鍘诲皢鏉ユ椂銆傛椂鎬侊紙tense锛夋槸涓绉嶅姩璇嶅舰寮忥紝涓嶅悓鐨勬椂鎬佺敤浠ヨ〃绀轰笉鍚岀殑鏃堕棿涓庢柟寮忋傚畠鏄〃绀鸿涓恒佸姩浣溿佺姸鎬佸湪鍚勭鏃堕棿鏉′欢涓嬬殑鍔ㄨ瘝褰㈠紡銆
绛旓細鍏ぇ鏃舵涓诲姩璇鍜岃鍔ㄨ鎬佸涓嬶細锛1锛変竴鑸幇鍦ㄦ椂锛歛m/is/are+杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝銆傚锛歊ice is grown in south China.鍗庡崡绉嶆姘寸ɑ銆傦紙2锛変竴鑸繃鍘绘椂锛歸as/were+杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝銆傚锛歍he glass was broken yesterday.杩欏潡鐜荤拑鏄槰澶╂墦鐑傜殑銆傦紙3锛夌幇鍦ㄨ繘琛屾椂锛歛m/is/are being+杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝銆傚锛歍he project is being ...
