双语文章：计算机与诗人
The Computer and The Poet计算机与诗人The essential problem of man in a computerized age remains the same as it has always been. That problem is not solely how to be more productive, more comfortable, more content, but how to be more sensitive, more sensible, more proportionate, more alive. The computer makes possible a marvellous leap in human proficiency; it pulls down the fences around the practical and even the theoretical intelligence. But the question persists and indeed grows whether the computer will make it easier or harder for human beings to know who they really are, to identify their real problems, to respond more fully to beauty, to place adequate value on life, and to make their world safer than it now is. 在计算机时代，人类的基本问题依然是过去一直存在的问题。这个问题不仅仅是如何更多产、更舒适、更惬意，而是如何更敏感、更明智、更均衡、更有生机。计算机使人类能力上的巨大飞跃成为可能；它打破了束缚实践智能和理论智能的藩篱。但是计算机是使人类更容易还是更难以理解自己究竟是什么，是否有助于识别真正的问题，有助于对美作出更全面的反应，对生活作出更充分的评价？是否能使世界变得比现在更安全？这个问题一直存在而且越来越突出。
Electronic brains can reduce the profusion of dead ends involved in vital research. But they can't eliminate the foolish ness and decay that come form the unexamined life. Nor do they connect a man to the things he has to be connected to - the reality of pain in others; the possibilities of creative growth in himself; the memory of the race; and the rights of the next generation. 电脑能够减少许多生命研究中的死胡同。但它们不能消除因为生活未经反省产生的愚蠢和腐朽；它们也不能把一个人同之相关的事物--别人的痛苦现实、自我创造性发展的可能性、种族的印记以及下一代的权利联系起来。
The reason these matters are important in a computerized age is that there may be a tendency to mistake data for wisdom, just as there has always been a tendency to confuse logic with values, and intelligence with insight. Easy and convenient access to facts can produce unlimited good only if it is matched by the desire and ability to find out what they mean and where they would lead. 这些事情在计算机时代之所以重要是因为可能有一种错把数据当智慧的趋势，就像一直存在的把逻辑与价值、智力，以及见解混为一谈的趋势一样。获取事实的便捷手段只有与弄清这些事实的意义与导向的.愿望和能力一致时才能使人们受益无穷。
Facts are terrible things if left spreading and unexamined. They are too easily regarded as evaluated certainties rather than as the rawest of raw materials crying to be processed into the texture of logic. It requires a very unusual mind, Whitehead said, to undertake the analysis of a fact. The computer can provide a correct number, but it may be an irrelevant number until judgment is pronounced. 如果任其事实流传而不加检验，这样的事实是可怕的，因为它们极容易被认为是已获定评的事实，而不是迫切需要处理使之具有逻辑条理的原始材料中最原始的部分。怀特里德说，对事实进行分析需要非凡的头脑。计算机能够提供正确的数字，但如果不作判断，这个数字可能毫无意义。
To the extent, then, that man fails to distinguish between the intermediate operations of electronic intelligence and the ultimate responsibilities of human decision, the computer could prove a digression. It could obscure man's awareness of the need to come to terms with himself. It may foster the illusion that he is asking fundamental questions when actually he is asking only functional ones. It may be regarded as a substitute for intelligence instead of an extension of it. It may promote undue confidence in concrete answers. "If we begin with certainties," Bacon said, "we shall end in doubts but if we begin with doubts, and we are patient with them, we shall end in certainties." 因而，在人类不能区分电子智力的中间运算与人的决定的最终责任的情况下，计算机可能被证明是一种节外生枝。它可能模糊人类满足自身条件的意识。它可能使人产生错觉，当他实际上只是在问功能的问题时，却认为他在问基本的问题。它可能被认为是智力的替代物，而不是智力的延伸。它可能使人过分相信具体答案。培根说："如果我们肯定开始，就会以疑惑结束；如果我们以疑惑开始，并且耐心处之，我们就会以肯定结束。"
The computer knows how to conquer error, but before we lose ourselves in celebrating the victory, we might reflect on the great advances in the human situation that have come about because men were challenged by error and would not stop thinking and exploring until they found better approaches for dealing with it. "Give me a good fruitful error, full of seeds, bursting with its own corrections," Ferris Greenslet wrote, "You can keep your sterile truth for yourself." 计算机懂得如何克服错误，但在我们得意忘形地为此欢呼之前，我们不妨思考一下人类的处境之所以出现巨大的进步是因为人类受到错误的挑战而且总是不停的思考、探索，直到找到的更好的处理方法。"给我一个内容丰富的错误，充满希望的种子，包含自我更正，"费里斯·格林里特道，"你可以把贫瘠的真理留给自己。"
The biggest single need in computer technology is not for increased speed, or enlarged capacity, or prolonged memory, or reduced size, but for better questions and better use of the answers. Without taking anything away from the technicians, we think it might be fruitful to effect some sort of junction between the computer technologist wonders of the creative imagination on the kinds of problems being put to electronic technology. The company of poets may enable the men who tend the machines to see a wider range of possibilities than technology alone may inspire. 对计算机技术最大的、唯一的要求不是提高速度、扩大容量、延长记忆或减小体积，而是要提出更好的问题，更好地利用其答案。我们认为，在计算机技术专家和诗人之间衽某种结合可能会卓有成效，而且对技术人员不损秋毫。通过充分发挥由电子技术处理的问题的创造性想象的神奇力量，计算机起到真正的作用。与诗人为伍可能使使用计算机的人能看到比技术自身激发出的更大范围的可能性。
A poet, said Aristotle, has the advantage of expressing the universal; the specialist expresses only the particular. The poet, moreover, can remind us that man's greatest energy comes not from his dynamos but from his dreams. But the quality of man's dreams can only be a reflection of his subconscious. What he puts into his subconscious, therefore, is quite literally the most important nourishment in the world. 亚里士多德说，诗人的优势是表达共性，而专家表现的仅仅是某个特性。而且诗人能够提醒我们，人最大的能量并不来自精力，而是来自他的梦想。但是人的梦想的特征仅仅是他的下意识的反映。因而，他存在下意识的东西实质上是世界上最好的营养。
Nothing really happens to a man except as it is registered in the subconscious. This is where event and feeling become memory and where the proof of life is stored. The poet - and we use the term to include all those who have respect for and speak to the human spirit - can help to supply the subconscious with material to enhance its sensitivity, thus safeguarding it. The poet, too, can help to keep man from making himself over in the image of his electronic wonders. For the danger is not so much that man will be controlled by the computer as that he may imitate it. 并没有什么事会真的发生在一个人的身上，除非这件事已在他的潜意识里烙下了印记。正是在潜意识里，事件和感情变成记忆，生活的证据储存于此。诗人--我们用这个词指所有新生人类精神，诉说人类精神的人--能够帮助为潜意识提供材料，增强其敏感度，从而保护它。诗人也能使人们不至于按照电子奇迹的形象改变自己，因为危险不在于人被计算机控制而在于人可能会模仿计算机的思维。
The poet reminds men of their uniqueness. It is not necessary to possess the ultimate definition of this uniqueness. Even to speculate on it is gain.诗人提醒人们记住自己的独特性。没有必要弄清这种独特性的终极定义，但即是这种独特性进行思考也是一种收获。
绛旓細鎴戜滑璁や负,鍦璁＄畻鏈鎶鏈笓瀹鍜岃瘲浜涔嬮棿琛芥煇绉嶇粨鍚堝彲鑳戒細鍗撴湁鎴愭晥,鑰屼笖瀵规妧鏈汉鍛樹笉鎹熺姣傞氳繃鍏呭垎鍙戞尌鐢辩數瀛愭妧鏈鐞嗙殑闂鐨勫垱閫犳ф兂璞＄殑绁炲鍔涢噺,璁＄畻鏈鸿捣鍒扮湡姝ｇ殑浣滅敤銆涓庤瘲浜涓轰紞鍙兘浣夸娇鐢ㄨ绠楁満鐨勪汉鑳界湅鍒版瘮鎶鏈嚜韬縺鍙戝嚭鐨勬洿澶ц寖鍥寸殑鍙兘鎬с A poet, said Aristotle, has the advantage of expressing the uni...
绛旓細the computer and the poet鐨勭炕璇戞槸锛氭寚璁＄畻鏈轰笌璇椾汉涔嬮棿鐨勫叧绯诲拰搴旂敤銆倀he computer鍙岃渚嬪彞锛1銆丯ew information is matched against existing data in the computer銆傛柊鐨勮祫鏂欏拰鐢佃剳涓凡鏈夌殑鏁版嵁浣滀簡姣旇緝銆2銆乀here are still a few residual problems with the computer program銆傜數鑴戠▼搴忚繕鏈変竴浜涙畫鐣欓棶...
绛旓細榛戜簯鍘嬪煄鍩庢鎽э紝鐢插厜鍚戞棩閲戦碁寮銆傝鑵ョ殑浠囨仺鍥炶崱鍦ㄢ滃鎭╂柉鈥濓紙Science锛変笌鈥滈樋鍏嬬壒鈥濓紙Art锛変袱鍥戒箣闂淬備竴鍦鸿搫璋嬪凡涔呯殑鏆翠贡鎷夊紑浜嗘浜＄殑搴忓箷銆備竴鍚嶆墜鎸佹湀鐗欏垁鐨勫姜鎮嶇敺瀛愶紝灞圭珛鍦ㄩ摐绾㈢殑澶у煄闂ㄥ墠锛屽煄澧欎笂绔欑潃涓缇ょ兢澹叺锛屼釜涓墜鎻″紦绠紝鍧氬畾鐨勮劯搴炲嵃鐫娴佽涓嶆祦娉殑淇″康銆傗滄柉鑰咃紝鐗涙暒锛堥】锛夛紒鈥濇湀鐗欏垁...
绛旓細璁＄畻鏈鏄悊鎬х殑鐜颁唬鐨勬疆娴佺殑姝绘澘鐨勯昏緫鍖栫殑浠ｅ悕璇嶏紝鑰璇椾汉鏄劅鎬х殑浼犵粺鐨勪紭缇庣殑鍗庝附鐨勫姩鎯呯殑榄斿够鍖栫殑浠ｅ悕璇嶏紝璁╀袱鑰呭拰璋愬叡鐢燂紝鏈鐢佃剳鐨勭幇浠ｅ寲锛屾湁璇椾汉鐨勭悊鎯冲寲锛屽畬缇庢棤缂
绛旓細璇椾汉娲涘▉灏斿啓閬,濂规媿鎽勭殑鏂版濊矾鐨勭揣杩с 鈥滄棤璁烘垜鍋,鎴戣汉鍦ㄥ畠鏀惧湪涓杈,椤句笉涓婃姷杈捐瘲,鈥濆ス鍐欓亾銆傚儚璁稿鍏朵粬浣滃銆傛礇鍘勫皵瀵绘眰绾稿拰閾呯瑪,褰撳ス鐪嬪埌涓涓緢濂界殑..鏈潵鐨勬兂娉曟垜杩涘叆鏂扮殑鎯虫硶鏀捐繘鍙ｈ鐢佃剳浠讳綍涓滆タ - 鐢氳嚦鏄宸剧焊 - 浼氬仛銆傚湪鍐欑粰1821骞寸殑鏈嬪弸銆傝矾寰风淮甯屄疯寖路璐濆鑺皥鍒颁粬鏄浣曞悓鏃跺湪涓涓┈杞︽墦鐬岀潯...
绛旓細浣犲ソ锛屼笉浼氱殑锛璁＄畻鏈鸿瘲浜轰笌璇椾汉涔嬮棿锛屽尯鍒湪浜庡垱閫狅紝璇椾汉鍏锋湁鐪熸鐨勫垱閫犲姏銆傝绠楁満鏄笉浼氬垱鏂扮殑锛屾湁鍥哄畾鐨勭▼搴忋傚笇鏈涜兘甯埌浣
绛旓細鑷姩鏂囨憳绯荤粺鍒╃敤璁＄畻鏈鎶鏈紝閫氳繃瀵鏂囩珷璇硶銆佽涔夈佽澧冪殑鍒嗘瀽锛岃兘澶熸彁鍙栧嚭鍙嶆槧鏂囩珷涓績鍐呭鐨勭煭鏂囷紝杩欏彲浠ョ湅浣滄槸AI杩愮敤浜庢枃瀛楀垱浣滅殑鏃╂湡闆忓舰銆傗濊鑰呰瘯鐫浠モ滄睜濉樷濆拰鈥滄槬闆ㄢ濅负涓婚璇嶏紝璁╄繖浣嶁淎I璇椾汉鈥濅綔涓棣栦簲瑷缁濆彞锛岀郴缁熻繀閫熺粰鍑轰簡杩欐牱鐨勭瓟妗堬細鈥滄槬闆ㄦ殫姹犲锛屽瀭鏉ㄦ壎鐭銆傛湀鏄庡北鑹叉贰锛岄闈欐按澹板噳...
绛旓細鈥滃畤瀹欓鑸光濆拰鈥滅數瀛璁＄畻鍣鈥濅唬琛ㄧ幇浠ｅ寲銆傚湪銆婂欢瀹,鎴戞妸浣犺拷瀵汇嬭繖棣栬瘲涓,浣滆呯敤鈥滆埅澶╅鏈衡濆拰鈥滅數瀛璁＄畻鏈鈥濅唬琛ㄧ幇浠ｅ寲銆傝埅澶╅鑸,鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈猴紝杩欎簺閮芥槸鐜颁唬绉戞妧鍙戝睍鐨勪骇鐗┿傝〃鏄庢垜浠浗瀹剁殑杩涙銆傗滆佺墰鐮磋溅鈥濅唬琛ㄨ繃鍘昏惤鍚庣殑鐢熶骇鏉′欢锛屾晥鐜囧緢浣庯紝閫熷害寰堟參銆傗滆剨姊佲濅唬琛ㄥ欢瀹夌殑绮剧銆備綔鑰呰杩藉鐨勫疄闄呬笂...
绛旓細鍏跺疄涓嶇劧锛屼篃灏辨槸鍦ㄣ婂崡浜潯绾︺嬬璁㈢殑鍚屼竴骞达紝1842骞达紝娓呮湞閬撳厜浜屽崄浜屽勾锛岃嫳鍥借癁鐢熶簡涓栫晫涓婄涓涓▼搴忥紝鍚屾椂涔熸剰鍛崇潃绗竴涓▼搴忓憳鐨勫嚭鐜帮紝鑰屽ス杩樻槸涓コ鎬с 闃胯揪路娲涜姍鑾辨柉 濂逛究鏄嫳鍥借憲鍚璇椾汉鎷滀鸡鐨勫コ鍎块樋杈韭锋礇鑺欒幈鏂紙Ada Lovelace锛夛紝鍚屾椂濂逛篃鏄竴鍚嶆暟瀛﹀锛屽叕璁ょ殑璁＄畻鏈绋嬪簭鍒涘浜猴紝涔熸槸濂瑰彂鏄庝簡...
绛旓細鍦ㄣ婂欢瀹夛紝鎴戞妸浣犺拷瀵汇嬭繖棣栬瘲涓紝浣滆呯敤鈥滆埅澶╅鏈衡濆拰鈥滅數瀛璁＄畻鏈鈥濅唬琛ㄧ幇浠ｅ寲銆傗滃畤瀹欌濇寚鍖呮嫭鍦扮悆鍙婂叾浠栦竴鍒囧ぉ浣撶殑鏃犻檺绌洪棿銆傗滆佺墰鐮磋溅鈥濅唬琛ㄨ繃鍘昏惤鍚庣殑鐢熶骇鏉′欢锛屾晥鐜囧緢浣庯紝閫熷害寰堟參銆傝繖绉嶇敓浜ф潯浠舵病鏈変粈涔堝彲浠ョ暀鎭嬬殑锛屾墍浠ヨ鈥滄涓嶇姽璞涪鎺変簡鈥濄傗滃疂濉斿北椤跺ぉ绔嬪湴鐨勮剨姊佲濓紝浠庡瓧闈笂鐪嬶紝寤跺畨鐨...
