在标准状况下，将224LHCl气体溶于635mL水中，所得盐酸的密度为1.18g/cm3．试计算：（1）取出这种盐酸100m 在标准状况下，将224L HCl气体溶于635mL水中，所得...

\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b, \u5c06224LHCl\u6c14\u4f53\u6eb6\u4e8e635mL\u6c34\u4e2d, \u6240\u5f97\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a1.18g/cm3.

\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u4e0e\u6c2f\u5316\u6c22\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a
Na2CO3
+
HCl
\u2192
NaHCO3
+
NaCl
\u6469\u5c14\u6bd4\uff1a1\u2026\u2026\u2026\u20261\u2026\u2026\u2026\u20261
\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u7684\u6eb6\u8d28\u6469\u5c14\u6570\u4e3a\uff1a
(0.065mol/1000ml)*40ml=0.0026mol
\u628a\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u4e2d\u548c\u6210\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u4f53\u79efV\u662f\uff1a
V*0.08mol/1000ml=0.0026mol
V=0.0026mol/(0.08mol/1000ml)
=32.5ml
\uff08\u6700\u591a\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\uff09\u3002
\u9898\u76ee\u201c\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06224LHCl\u6c14\u4f53\u6eb6\u4e8e635ml\u6c34\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e3a1.18g/cm³\u201d\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5185\u5bb9\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u5904\u3002

\uff081\uff09n\uff08HCl\uff09=224L22.4L/mol=10mol\uff0cm\uff08HCl\uff09=10mol\u00d736.5g?mol-1=365g\uff0c635mL\u6c34\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a635mL\u00d71g/mL=635g\uff0c\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570w=365g365g+635g\u00d7100%=36.5%\uff0cc\uff08HCl\uff09=1000\u03c1\u03c9M=1000\u00d71.18\u00d736.5%36.5mol/L=11.8mol/L\uff0c\u7b54\uff1a\u6240\u5f97\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e3a11.8mol/L\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u6839\u636ec\uff08\u6d53\uff09?V\uff08\u6d53\uff09=c\uff08\u7a00\uff09?V\uff08\u7a00\uff09\u53ef\u77e5\uff1ac\uff08\u7a00\uff09=11.8mol?L-1\u00d70.1L\u00f71.18L=1mol?L-1\uff0c\u7b54\uff1a\u6240\u5f97\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e3a1mol?L-1\uff1b\uff083\uff09n\uff08Na2CO3\uff09=0.040L\u00d70.065mol?L-1=0.0026 mol\uff0c\u4f7f\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751fCO2\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aNa2CO3+HCl\u2550NaHCO3+NaCl\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u77e5\u6d88\u8017HCl\u4e3a0.0026mol\uff0c\u8bbe\u52a0\u5165\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u6700\u591a\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7x mL\uff0c\u5219n\uff08HCl\uff09=1mol?L-1\u00d70.001x L=0.001x mol\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u53cd\u5e94Na2CO3+HCl\u2550NaHCO3+NaCl\uff0c\u53ef\u5f970.0026=0.001x\uff0c\u89e3\u5f97x=2.6\uff0c\u7b54\uff1a\u52a0\u5165\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u6700\u591a\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc72.6\u6beb\u5347\uff0e

（1）n（HCl）=

224L

22.4L/mol

=10mol，m（HCl）=10mol×36.5g?mol^-1=365g，溶液的体积V=

365g+635g

1.18g/cm3

=847ml=0.847L，稀盐酸的物质的量浓度c=

10mol

0.847L

=11.8mol/L；设稀释后得盐酸的浓度为c₁，由稀释定律可得：11.8mol/L×0.1L=c₁×1.18L，解得：c₁=1mol/L，
故答案为1mol/L：
（2）n（Na₂CO₃）=0.040L×0.065mol?L^-1=0.0026 mol，
设加入稀盐酸的体积最多不超过x mL，则n（HCl）=1mol?L^-1×0.001x L=0.001x mol，
根据反应Na₂CO₃+HCl═NaHCO₃+NaCl，可得0.0026=0.001x，解得x=2.6，
故答案为：2.6；
（3）经过反应，蒸发中和后的溶液，最后所得固体为NaCl，根据Cl元素守恒：n（NaCl）=n（HCl）=0.050L×2mol?L^-1=0.1mol，故m（NaCl）=0.1mol×58.5g?mol^-1=5.85g，
故答案为：5.85．

鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗙姸鍐典笅,灏224 L HCl姘斾綋婧朵簬645 mL (蟻=1.00 g路cm - 3)鐨勬按涓...
绛旓細锛1锛12.0 mol路 L -1 锛2锛26.9 L33.6 g 锛1锛塶(HCl)="224" L/22.4 L路 mol -1 ="10.0" molm(HCl婧舵恫)="635" g+10.0 mol脳36.5 g路 mol -1 =1.00脳10 3 gc(HCl)= =" 12.0 " mol 路 L -1 锛2锛塇Cl+NaHCO 3 ===NaCl+H 2 O+CO 2 鈫1 mol ...

鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗙姸鍐典笅,灏224L 姘寲姘㈡皵浣撴憾浜635mL 鐨勬按(瀵嗗害涓1 g/cm³)涓...
绛旓細瑙ｏ細锛1锛224L鐨勬隘鍖栨阿姘斾綋鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忎负锛歯(HCl) = V / Vm = 224 / 22.4 = 10mol 鍒欙紝姘寲姘㈢殑璐ㄩ噺涓猴細m(HCl) = n * M = 10 * 36.5 = 365g 閰嶅埗鎴愮殑姘寲姘㈡憾娑茬殑鎬昏川閲忔槸锛歮(婧舵恫) = m(HCl) + m(姘) = 365 + 635*1 = 1000g 鎵浠ワ紝鐩愰吀鐨勮川閲忓垎鏁版槸锛歸(HCl) =...

鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗙姸鍐典笅,灏224L姘寲姘㈡皵浣撴憾浜635mL鐨勬按(瀵嗗害涓1.00g/cm3)涓,鎵...
绛旓細锛1锛224L姘寲姘㈡皵浣撶墿璐ㄧ殑閲忎负224L22.4L/mol=10mol锛岀瓟锛氭墍寰楃洂閰镐腑婧惰川鐗╄川鐨勯噺鏄10mol锛涳紙1锛夋晠HCl鐨勮川閲=10mL脳36.5g/mol=365g锛屾按鐨勮川閲忎负635mL脳1g/mL=635g锛岃婧舵恫璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟涓365g365g+635g脳100%=36.5%锛岀瓟锛氳鐩愰吀涓憾璐ㄧ殑璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟鏄36.5%锛涳紙3锛夎鐩愰吀鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忔祿搴︿负1000...

鏍囧噯鐘跺喌涓嬪皢224lhcl婧朵簬涓鍗囨按涓
绛旓細224L=10mol=365g璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟=365/锛365+1000锛=26.7%.婧舵恫璐ㄩ噺=1365g,浣撶Н=1365/1.1=1.241L,娴撳害=10/1.241=8.06mol/L

鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗙姸鍐典笅,灏224l鐨hcl婧朵簬姘撮厤鎴1000ml姹傛墍寰楃洂閰哥殑鐗╄川鐨勯噺娴撳害...
绛旓細224L梅22.4L/mol=10mol 1000mL=1L 10mol梅1L=10mol/L

鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗙姸鍐典笅,灏224L姘寲姘㈡皵浣撴憾浜635mL鐨勬按(瀵嗗害涓1.00g/mL)涓,鎵...
绛旓細婧惰川姘寲姘㈢殑鎽╁皵鏁版槸锛224L/(22.4L/mol=10.0mol 锛涙隘鍖栨阿婧朵簬姘村悗寰楀埌鐨勬憾娑茶川閲忔槸锛10.0mol*36.5g/mol+635ml*1.00g/ml =365g+635g=1000g 锛涙隘鍖栨阿姘存憾娑茬殑浣撶Н鏄細1000g/(1.18g/ml)=847ml 锛涙墍寰鐩愰吀鐨勭墿璐ㄩ噺娴撳害鏄細(10.0mol/847ml)*1000ml/L=11.8mol/L 銆

鍖栧棰樼洰:鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗙姸鍐典笅,灏224鍗HCl姘斾綋婧朵簬635鍏嬫按涓墍寰楃洂閰哥殑瀵嗗害涓1...
绛旓細1.224HCL鍗10molHCl m(HCl)=10mol*36.5g/mol=365g 婧舵恫鎬昏川閲365g+635g=1000g 鍗847.46mL=0.84746L C(HCL)==10mol/0.84746L=11.8mol/L 鎵浠ユ憾浜庢按婧舵恫鐗╄川鐨勯噺娴撳害涓11.8mol/L 10.0ml涓湁HCl 0.118mol C(绋閲)=0.118mol/1.45L=0.0813mol/L 2.纰抽吀閽犵墿璐ㄧ殑閲忎负0.0026...

鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗙姸鍐典笅,灏224L HCl姘斾綋婧朵簬635g姘翠腑,鎵寰楃洂閰哥殑瀵嗗害涓1.20g/cm3...
绛旓細224L=10mol 娣峰悎鐗╀竴鍏遍噸10*36.5+635=1000g 鎵浠ヤ竴鍏辨槸1000/1.2=833.3ml 鎵浠ユ湭绋閲婄殑鐗╄川閲忔祿搴︽槸锛10/0.8333=12mol/L 鐒跺悗绋閲婂叚鍊嶇殑娴撳害鏄12/6=2mol/L 鎵浠1鏄2mol/L 2.鐢变簬璇寸殑鏄弽搴斿悗娣峰悎婧舵恫锛屾墍浠ワ紝鍙嶅簲鍚庣殑婧舵恫涓湁姘寲閽狅紝纰抽吀姘㈤挔銆傚彧鑳界畻涓寖鍥达紝鑼冨洿灏辨槸濡傛灉鍙嶅簲鍓嶆憾娑...

鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗙姸鍐典笅,灏224L鐨Hcl姘斾綋婧朵簬635mL鐨勬按涓(璁炬按鐨勫瘑搴︿负1.00g/cm3...
绛旓細HCl鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲 224/22.4=10(mol)HCl鐨勮川閲10*36.5锛365锛坓锛夋憾娑茬殑璐ㄩ噺365+635*1锛1000锛坓锛塇Cl鐨勮川閲忓垎鏁365/1000脳100锛咃紳36.5锛 c锛圚Cl锛夛紳1000*1.19*36.5%/36.5=11.9(mo/L)绋閲婂悗娴撳害 11.9*10锛1190c 锛宑锛0.1锛坢ol/L锛

鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗙姸鍐典笅,灏224LHCL姘斾綋婧朵簬635ML姘翠腑(姘寸殑瀵嗗害涓1g/cm3),鎵寰...
绛旓細n(hcl)=10mol C(hcl)=11.8mol/L v(娑)=[(635g+10molx36.5g/mol)x10^-3L/mL]/1.18g/mol=0.85L C(hcl)=11.8mol/L C(hcl绋)=n/v=[C(hcl)x10x10^-3L/ml]/1.45L=0.08mol/L 鑷繁鍋氱殑锛岀瓟妗堝簲璇ユ槸瀵圭殑銆傛墦寰楃湡绱晩銆