英语虚拟语气 英语虚拟语气
\u82f1\u8bed\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u975e\u771f\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5
\u7531if\uff0cas if, as though\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\u53eb\u505a\u4e00\u822c\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5
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--\u542b\u84c4\u6761\u4ef6\u6697\u542b\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u3002
(1)\u8fde\u8bcdbut\uff08\u4f46\u662f\uff09, or (else) (\u5426\u5219\uff09\uff1b\u526f\u8bcdotherwise\uff08\u5426\u5219\uff09, unfortunately\u7b49\u8868\u793a\u8f6c\u6298\u5047\u8bbe\u3002
\u5982\uff1a
A safety analysis would have identified the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.
Victor obviously does not know what has happened; otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark.
(2)\u4ecb\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u6697\u542b\u5047\u8bbe\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6709\uff1awithout\uff08\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\uff09, but for / but that\uff08\u8981\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff09,except for\uff08\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\uff09\uff0cwith\uff08\u82e5\u5e26\u6709\uff09\uff0c under more favorable conditions\uff0cin the absence of\uff08\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u2026\u2026\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff09\uff0cunder the circumstances of\uff08\u5728\u2026\u2026\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff09\u7b49\u3002
\u5982\uff1a
But for the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.
(3)intended/meant/hoped/wished/plann\u6216was/were +\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\u6216had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished +\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4e00\u822c\u5f0f\u6697\u793a\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002
\u5982\uff1aI intended to have called on you, but I was busy at that time.\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6211\u6ca1\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\uff09
(4)\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\u6697\u793a\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002
\u5982\uff1aI should have called to make an airline reservation.(\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\uff09
1)\u5728\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd'be'\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u6001\u4e00\u5f8b\u7528"were"\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528was\uff0c \u5373\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2dbe\u7528were\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002
If I were you, I would go to look for him. \u5982\u679c\u6211\u662f\u4f60\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53bb\u627e\u4ed6\u3002
2)\u7528 if you were me
What would you do if you were me? \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u6211\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u505a?
3\uff09was\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u5728It\u2018s time\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u7528was\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528were
eg It\u2019 time I was in bed \u3002 \u6211\u8be5\u4e0a\u5e8a\u7761\u89c9\u4e86\u3002\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528were\uff09
4\uff09\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u6cd5 \uff1a
a. \u540c\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002
\u53e5\u578b \uff1a \u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5 \u4e3b\u53e5
\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6 should( would) +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62
If they were here, they would help you.
b. \u8868\u793a\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002
\u53e5\u578b\uff1a \u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5 \u4e3b\u53e5
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6 should(would) have+ \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
c. \u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u5047\u60f3
\u53e5\u578b\uff1a \u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5 \u4e3b\u53e5
\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6 should+ \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62
were+ \u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f would + \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62
should+ \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
d It is (high) time that
It is (high) time that \u540e\u9762\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u8981\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u6216\u7528should\u52a0\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\uff0c\u4f46should\u4e0d\u53ef\u7701\u7565\u3002
It is time that the children went to bed.
It is high time that the children should go to bed.
e It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that\u2026\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u8981\u7528should \u52a0\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\uff0c should \u53ef\u7701\u7565\u3002
\u5176\u4ed6\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u8bed\u6cd5 \u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u4e00\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u3002
\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5e2e\u5230\u4f60\uff01
2）条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表： 句型 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形 祈使句 情态动词一般现在时 例如：If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来，会带小提琴来的。
典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：
1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.
（错） If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
（对） If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall （will） +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 非真实条件句 1）虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。
a. 与现在事实相反的假设
条件从句 主句 一般过去时（be用were） should（would）等 +动词原形 例如：If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。
含义：They are not here, they can’t help you.
b. 与过去事实相反的假设 条件从句 主句 过去完成时 should（would）等+ have+ 过去分词 例如：If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的。
含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想
条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should/would等 + 动词原形 were+ 不定式 should+ 动词原形 例如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的。
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
含义：You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.混合条件句 有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如：
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today （现在）.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。
虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如： Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。
Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。
Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。
注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。例如：
If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Weren't I to do。 特殊的虚拟语气词should 1）在主语从句中的应用
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。
It is 可用的词有三类 that（should）dosuggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等 important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等 a pity, a shame, no wonder等
2）在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + （should） do等。例如：
I suggest that we （should） hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。
He insisted that he （should ） be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
注意：如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 判断改错： （错） You pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.
（对） Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
（错） I insisted that you（should）be wrong.
（对） I insisted that you were wrong.
3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用
suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。例如：
My idea is that we（should）get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。
I make a proposal that we（should）hold a meeting next week.我提了个建议，下周我们开个会。 wish的用法 1）wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： 主句 从句 从句动作先于主句动词动作（be的过去式为 were） 现在时 过去时 从句动作与主句动作同时发生（had + 过去分词） 过去时 过去完成时 将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +动词原形 例如：I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。
He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
2）wish to do；wish sb / sth to do。例如：
I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望见一见经理。
I wish the manager to be informed at once. （= I want the manager to be informed at once.）我希望经理能马上得到消息。 比较if only与only if only if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。例如：
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响就好了。
If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。 It is （high） time that It is （high） time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。例如：
It is time that the children went to bed. 孩子们该睡觉了。
It is high time that the children should go to bed. need "不必做"和"本不必做" didn't need to do表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。
needn't have done表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。例如：
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。 （Mary步行回家了，没有遇上John的车。）
典型例题
There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried
答案D。needn't have done. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。
Mustn't have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 If I were you, I'd take them away. 如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。 If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him. 如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉他了。 If I had time. I could come to help you. 如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。 He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups. 他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。 He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
虚拟语气的用法
1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。 May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ You go out！ 你出去！
2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。 I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。 I wish I could help him. 我希望我能帮助他。 He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。 动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中，"should" 可以省略。 The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。 在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形 It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。 It's important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。 虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来。 A．与现在事实相反的： If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you,they) would + 动词原形。 B．与过去事实相反的： If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。 If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就买了它。 If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。 If she knew English,she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。 If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。 If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。
这是从别的地方复制来的~自己写会写不全。虚拟语气：一、If型
If条件状语从句表示的虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：
从句
主句
与过去事实相反
had done
would/could/might have done
与现在事实相反
did/were
would/could/might do
与将来事实相反
were to do/should do/did
would/could/might do
特别值得注意的是，这种虚拟语气的形式存在交叉虚拟，即如果从句发生的动作和主句发生的动作不一致(例如：从句动作发生在过去，主句动作发生在现在)，谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。例如：
If Peter had applied for the post, he would probably get it now.要是彼得申请了那职位，他很可能现在就得到了。
If he had left for Shanghai yesterday, he would get there now.如果他昨天动身去上海的话，他现在已经到那里了。
二、Wish型
1.wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：
与过去事实相反 wish that 从句的谓语动词用had done
与现在事实相反 wish that 从句的谓语动词用did
与将来事实相反 wish that 从句的谓语动词用would/could do
例如：
I wish they would change the menu.他们要是改变一下菜单就好了。
I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.我要是没花那么多的钱就好了。
同样地，在as if/as though引导的宾语从句中和以if only引导的带有感叹色彩的虚拟语气句子中，谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟形式相同。
2.由if only 引导的虚拟语气
与过去事实相反 if only 谓语动词用had done
与现在事实相反 if only 谓语动词用did
例如：
If only she had asked someone’s advice! 她要是征求了别人的意见就好了！
3.由as if/as though 引导的虚拟语气
与过去事实相反 as if/as though谓语动词用had done
与现在事实相反 as if/as though谓语动词用did
例如：
He talks about Rome as if he had been there himself.谈论起罗马来就像他去过似的。
He orders me as though I were his wife.他向我发号施令就好像我是他的妻子似的。
三、强制性虚拟语气
1.表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词 + that + (should) + 动词原形，其中should经常被省略。这类动词包括：advise，ask，command，decide，decree，demand，desire，determine， direct，insist，maintain，move(动议，规定)，order，prefer，propose，recommend，require，stipulate，suggest等等。例如：
It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios (should) not be played after 11 o'clock at night.酒店管理人员恳请房客在晚上11点之后不要打开收音机。
2.以上动词转化为名词，如suggestion，proposal，demand，order，command，advice，desire，requirement，request，agreement，determination，preference，resolution，indication，后接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句要求用虚拟语气，其谓语部分用should + 动词原形，should可以省略。例如：
We are all for your proposal that discussion should be put off.我们都支持你推迟讨论的建议。
3.值得注意的是，只有suggest意为“建议”、insist意为“坚持认为”时，从句用虚拟语气，当suggest意为“暗示”、insist意为“坚持说”时，从句不用虚拟语气。例如：
When the son suggested that they should go to park on Sunday, the expression on his father suggested that he agreed with him.当儿子提议星期天去公园时，父亲用表情表示了默许。
The boy insisted that he didn’t cheat in the exam.这个孩子坚持说他没有在考试中作弊。(考试已经结束)
The boy insisted that he shouldn’t cheat in the exam.这个孩子坚持认为不应该在考试中作弊。(考试还未进行)
4.It is/was + 形容词/过去分词 + that + (should) + 动词原形，这些形容词主要表示必要性、重要性、强制性、合适性、义务性，即某人对某事的反应。这类词包括：important，natural，desirable，possible，astonishing，advisable，anxious，appropriate，compulsory，crucial，eager，essential，fitting，imperative，improper，necessary，obligatory，preferable，proper，urgent，vital，shocked，requested，amazing，strange，odd，ridiculous，surprising，unthinkable，incredible等等。例如：
It is important that students graduating from universities should have not only theory but also practice.大学毕业生不仅要有理论知识，更要有实践经验，这一点很重要。
It is surprising that they should kill the time like that.他们竟然这样打发时间，真是太奇怪了。
四、其他类型的虚拟语气
1.由would rather/sooner，would sooner，had rather，would just as soon，would prefer等结构引导的虚拟语气，其句型结构如下：
与过去事实相反 would rather/sooner…谓语动词用had done
与现在、将来事实相反 would rather/sooner…谓语动词用did
2.由it is time引导的虚拟语气，谓语动词始终用did。
3.在lest that，for fear that，in case that，引导的表示消极意义的目的状语从句中常用虚拟语气，结构用should + 动词原形。例如：
I keep some candle in the house in case that electric power should fail.我在家里备了些蜡烛，以防断电。
4.含蓄虚拟条件句是指没有出现用if 引导的条件句，而条件句的意思是用其他方式表达的。如：without，but for，otherwise，or，but that，given，provided，supposing，were it not for等等。例如：
Given me more time, I would have worked out a more perfect scheme. 再给我一点时间的话，我本可以设计出更加完善的方案。
Were it not for your help, I would haven’t finished the work on time. 要不是你的帮助，我不可能按时完成工作。
5.表示祝愿或希望用虚拟语气，例如：
Long live the queen! 女王万岁！
God bless you! 上帝保佑你！ 过去完成时结构had been done
had not been done
had sb been done
说白了就是动词原有时态后退一个时态，但是其中可能有一些例如倒装的用法（if引导的让步虚拟从句）。主要你要搞清楚什么时候用虚拟语气，CET6一般不会让你直接填虚拟语气，选择里面只要认出要用虚拟，选项很好选的。
这么简单的东西。。。
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