阉人歌手指的是谁
\u4ec0\u4e48\u53eb\u9609\u4eba\u6b4c\u624b\u6700\u4f73\u7b54\u6848\uff1a 17\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u72ec\u5531\u6210\u4e3a\u6b4c\u5267\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6b4c\u5531\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u72ec\u5531\u7684\u548f\u53f9\u8c03\u8981\u6c42\u6b4c\u5531\u8005\u5177\u5907\u9ad8\u8d85\u7684\u6f14\u5531\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u97f3\u8d28\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u6ce8\u91cd\u97f3\u8272\u7f8e\u7684\u6b4c\u5531\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fbf\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u7f8e\u58f0\u5531\u6cd5\u201d17\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4ee5\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6b63\u6b4c\u5267\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u523018\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u58f0\u4e50\u827a\u672f\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6b4c\u5531\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u6b63\u6b4c\u5267\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7f8e\u58f0\u5531\u6cd5\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u7f8e\u58f0\u5531\u6cd5\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u662f\u9609\u4eba\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u652f\u914d\u4e86\u6b4c\u5267\u821e\u53f0\uff0c\u65e2\u9970\u6f14\u5973\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u6f14\u5531\u82f1\u96c4\u578b\u7684\u7537\u6027\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4ee5\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7edd\u4f26\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u7f8e\u58f0\u5531\u6cd5\u628a\u6b63\u6b4c\u5267\u63a8\u5411\u4e86\u98a0\u5cf0\u3002
\u9609\u4eba\u6b4c\u624b
17\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u72ec\u5531\u6210\u4e3a\u6b4c\u5267\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6b4c\u5531\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u72ec\u5531\u7684\u548f\u53f9\u8c03\u8981\u6c42\u6b4c\u5531\u8005\u5177\u5907\u9ad8\u8d85\u7684\u6f14\u5531\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u97f3\u8d28\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u6ce8\u91cd\u97f3\u8272\u7f8e\u7684\u6b4c\u5531\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fbf\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u7f8e\u58f0\u5531\u6cd5\u201d17\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4ee5\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6b63\u6b4c\u5267\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u523018\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u58f0\u4e50\u827a\u672f\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6b4c\u5531\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u6b63\u6b4c\u5267\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u7f8e\u58f0\u5531\u6cd5\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u7f8e\u58f0\u5531\u6cd5\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u8005\u662f\u9609\u4eba\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u652f\u914d\u4e86\u6b4c\u5267\u821e\u53f0\uff0c\u65e2\u9970\u6f14\u5973\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u6f14\u5531\u82f1\u96c4\u578b\u7684\u7537\u6027\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4ee5\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7edd\u4f26\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u7f8e\u58f0\u5531\u6cd5\u628a\u6b63\u6b4c\u5267\u63a8\u5411\u4e86\u98a0\u5cf0\u3002
\u9609\u4eba\u6b4c\u624b\u5f80\u5f80\u4ece\u5c0f\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u6b4c\u5589\u3001\u51fa\u4f17\u7684\u4e50\u611f\u3002\u4ece15\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u88ab\u9009\u4e2d\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5c31\u5f97\u63a5\u53d7\u6b8b\u5fcd\u7684\u53bb\u52bf\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4f53\u5185\u4e0d\u518d\u5206\u6ccc\u8377\u5c14\u8499\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u97f3\u57df\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6f14\u5531\u5973\u9ad8\u97f3\u3001\u5973\u4e2d\u97f3\u3001\u7537\u9ad8\u97f3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7537\u4f4e\u97f3\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u300215\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7981\u6b62\u5973\u6027\u53c2\u52a0\u5531\u8bd7\u73ed\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6b4c\u58f0\u6bd4\u5973\u6027\u7075\u5de7\u6709\u529b\u7684\u9609\u4eba\u6b4c\u624b\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u5531\u8bd7\u73ed\u7684\u5973\u751f\u3002
1637\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u6b4c\u5267\u9662\u4e0a\u6f14\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u6b4c\u5267\u300a\u5b89\u5fb7\u7f57\u6885\u8fbe\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u5973\u6027\u89d2\u8272\u90fd\u7531\u6765\u81ea\u5723\u9a6c\u53ef\u5927\u6559\u5802\u5531\u8bd7\u73ed\u7684\u9609\u4eba\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u62c5\u4efb\u30021641\u5e74\u4e0a\u6f14\u7684\u5361\u74e6\u5229\u7684\uff081703- 1783\uff09\u7684\u300a\u8fea\u591a\u5973\u7687\u300b\uff0c\u662f\u9609\u4eba\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u626e\u6f14\u5973\u6027\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7eaa\u5f55\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u9609\u4eba\u6b4c\u624b\u5f53\u65f6 19\u5c81\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u55d3\u97f3\u6bd4\u5176\u5b83\u4eba\u90fd\u9ad8\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u50cf\u591c\u83ba\u822c\u5730\u5b9b\u8f6c\u6b4c\u5531\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u55d3\u5b50\u91cc\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u4e2a\u5947\u8ff9\u3002
\u8457\u540d\u7684\u9609\u4eba\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\uff1a
\u5df4\u5c14\u8fbe\u8428\u83b1\u00b7\u83f2\u5229(l610-1680\u5e74)\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5973\u9ad8\u97f3\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u9609\u4eba\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u9609\u5272\u672f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5e7c\u5e74\u906d\u9047\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u610f\u5916\u4e8b\u6545\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e0d\u5e78\u5374\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4ece\u6b64\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e86\u58f0\u4e50\u827a\u672f\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6210\u4e3a\u4eab\u8a89\u5168\u6b27\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u3002\u83f2\u5229\u572811\u5c81\u65f6\u5c31\u5531\u5973\u9ad8\u97f3\uff0c15\u5c81\u65f6\u79bb\u5f00\u610f\u5927\u5229\u524d\u5f80\u6ce2\u5170\uff0c\u5728\u534e\u6c99\u7684\u738b\u5bab\u4e2d\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u5373\u4f4d\u4e3a\u738b\u7684\u62c9\u8fea\u65af\u62c9\u65af\u738b\u5b50\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u957f\u8fbe30\u5e74\u30021655\u5e74\uff0c\u745e\u5178\u5165\u4fb5\u6ce2\u5170\uff0c\u738b\u5ba4\u8fc1\u5f80\u897f\u91cc\u897f\u4e9a\u3002\u83f2\u5229\u8f6c\u8f97\u6d41\u4ea1\u5230\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f97\u5230\u5965\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u83f2\u4e01\u5357\u5fb7\u4e00\u4e16\u548c\u5217\u5965\u6ce2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4e09\u4e16\u7684\u8d4f\u8bc6\u300265\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u9690\u9000\u8fd4\u56de\u610f\u5927\u5229\u30025\u5e74\u540e\u6b7b\u4e8e\u5bb6\u4e61\u4f69\u5362\u5409\u4e9a\u3002
\u83f2\u5229\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u5177\u6709\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u529b\uff0c\u64c5\u957f\u6f14\u5531\u534e\u5f69\u4e50\u6bb5\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u55d3\u97f3\u7eaf\u51c0\u654f\u6377\uff0c\u98a4\u97f3\u660e\u5feb\u591a\u5f69\uff0c\u88ab\u4eba\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u524d\u6240\u672a\u95fb\u7684\u7edd\u6280\u201d\uff1b\u83f2\u5229\u7684\u6c14\u606f\u60ca\u4eba\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u8d85\u51fa\u5e38\u4eba\u7684\u80ba\u6d3b\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u7eed\u5531\u51e0\u6bb5\u957f\u4e50\u53e5\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u6362\u6c14\uff0c\u66fe\u521b\u4e0b\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\u5531\u51fa\u957f\u8fbe50\u591a\u79d2\u949f\u4e50\u53e5\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1b\u83f2\u5229\u7684\u97f3\u51c6\u4e5f\u6781\u5176\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u4e0d\u7528\u4e50\u5668\u4f34\u594f\uff0c\u4e00\u53e3\u6c14\u5531\u51fa\u4e24\u7ec4\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5f80\u590d\u7684\u98a4\u97f3\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u843d\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u97f3\u4e0a\u3002\u83f2\u5229\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eab\u6709\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6545\u4e61\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5374\u6781\u5c11\u6f14\u5531\u3002\u636e\u4f201643\u5e74\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u60df\u4e00\u7684\u6f14\u51fa\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d7\u5230\u82f1\u96c4\u822c\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u5e02\u6c11\u4eec\u5728\u57ce\u5916\u4e09\u91cc\u5730\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u76db\u5927\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u9ad8\u547c\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u65f6\u70ed\u6cea\u76c8\u7736\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u9a6c\u8f66\u4e0a\u6492\u6ee1\u4e86\u9c9c\u82b1\u3002
\u83f2\u5229\u4f5c\u4e3a17\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6b4c\u5531\u7279\u70b9\u5bf9\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6b63\u6b4c\u5267\u4e2d\u548f\u53f9\u8c03\u7684\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u63a8\u6ce2\u52a9\u6f9c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
\u5c3c\u79d1\u6797\u8bfa(1673\u4e00?\u5e74)\uff0c\u539f\u540d\u5c3c\u79d1\u6d1b\u00b7\u683c\u62c9\u9a6c\u5c14\u7b2c\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u9609\u4eba\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u3002\u4e24\u5ea6\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u6f14\u5531\u6b4c\u5267\uff081708-1712\uff09\u3001\uff081715-1717\uff09\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u4ea8\u5fb7\u5c14\u7684\u6b4c\u5267\u300a\u96f7\u7eb3\u5c14\u591a\u300b\u4e2d\u9970\u6f14\u96f7\u7eb3\u5c14\u591a\u30021717\u5e74\u540e\u56de\u5230\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u5728\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u548c\u90a3\u4e0d\u52d2\u65af\u8f6e\u6d41\u6f14\u51fa\u30021730\u5e74\uff0c57\u5c81\u7684\u5c3c\u79d1\u6797\u8bfa\u5728\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u4e3e\u884c\u4e86\u544a\u522b\u6f14\u51fa\u3002\u5c3c\u79d1\u6797\u8bfa\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4ee5\u8868\u6f14\u7740\u79f0\u7684\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u628a\u7528\u4ee5\u5851\u9020\u4eba\u7269\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u827a\u672f\u5f15\u5165\u6b4c\u5267\u821e\u53f0\u3002\u5c3c\u79d1\u6797\u8bfa\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u8868\u6f14\u4f18\u96c5\u7ec6\u817b\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u9002\u5ea6\u3001\u4e3e\u624b\u6295\u8db3\u95f4\u65e0\u4e00\u4e0d\u5728\u523b\u753b\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u6027\u683c\u548c\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u4ed6\u8868\u6f14\u7684\u201c\u5e1d\u738b\u66f4\u5a01\u4e25\u3001\u82f1\u96c4\u66f4\u521a\u6bc5\u3001\u60c5\u4eba\u66f4\u6e29\u67d4\u201d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u300a\u8d6b\u8fbe\u65af\u666e\u65af\u300b\u4e00\u5267\u4e2d\u5bf9\u72ee\u5b50\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8868\u6f14\u6781\u5176\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u5e7f\u4e3a\u6d41\u4f20\u7684\u6b4c\u575b\u4f73\u8bdd\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u957f\u6bb5\u548f\u53f9\u8c03\u4e2d\uff0c\u5148\u7528\u85d0\u89c6\u7684\u58f0\u8c03\u53eb\u72ee\u5b50\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f88\u52a8\u60c5\u5730\u5531\u4e00\u6bb5\u6162\u677f\uff0c\u8ba9\u72ee\u5b50\u6495\u5f00\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80f8\u819b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8981\u89e6\u52a8\u90a3\u9897\u6df1\u7231\u7740\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\u5bf9\u72ee\u5b50\u865a\u5f20\u58f0\u52bf\uff0c\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\u53c8\u7ed9\u5b83\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e2a\u7231\u60c5\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u65e2\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4ed6\u51fa\u4f17\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u529f\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5bf9\u827a\u672f\u521b\u4f5c\u8ba4\u771f\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u5206\u96be\u5f97\u7684\u4f18\u79c0\u6f14\u5458\u3002
\u585e\u6d85\u897f\u8bfa
\u585e\u6d85\u897f\u8bfa(?\u4e001750\u5e74)\uff0c\u539f\u540d\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u79d1\u00b7\u4f2f\u90a3\u8fea\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7537\u6027\u5973\u4e2d\u97f3\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u3002\u585e\u6d85\u897f\u8bfa\u662f\u8d1d\u90a3\u5947\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u30021719\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5fb7\u7d2f\u65af\u987f\u5bab\u5ef7\u6b4c\u5267\u9662\u6f14\u5531\u65f6\uff0c\u88ab\u4ea8\u5fb7\u5c14\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c1720\u5e74\u5e94\u9080\u5230\u7531\u4ea8\u5fb7\u5c14\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f26\u6566\u7687\u5bb6\u97f3\u4e50\u5b66\u9662\u4efb\u6b4c\u5267\u6f14\u5458\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ea8\u5fb7\u5c14\u5408\u4f5c\u957f\u8fbe\u5341\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6df1\u539a\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u4ea8\u5fb7\u5c14\u521b\u4f5c\u768410\u591a\u90e8\u6b4c\u5267\u5747\u7531\u4ed6\u9996\u5531\u30021733\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u56e0\u4e0e\u4ea8\u5fb7\u5c14\u53d1\u751f\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u8f6c\u5230\u6ce2\u6ce2\u62c9\u7684\u6b4c\u5267\u9662\u5de5\u4f5c\u30021735\u5e74\u9000\u51fa\u6b4c\u575b\u540e\u56de\u5230\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff0c1739\u5e74\u5728\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u5b9a\u5c45\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u5bcc\u7fc1\u3002
\u585e\u6d85\u897f\u8bfa\u4ee5\u6f14\u5531\u5ba3\u53d9\u8c03\u8457\u79f0\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u97f3\u8272\u8f83\u5973\u4e2d\u97f3\u504f\u4f4e\uff0c\u97f3\u57df\u4e0d\u5bbd\u4f46\u97f3\u6e05\u6f88\u6709\u529b\u3001\u5706\u6da6\u751c\u7f8e\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u97f3\u51c6\u548c\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u98a4\u97f3\uff0c\u6b4c\u5531\u98ce\u683c\u5355\u7eaf\u7ec6\u817b\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u66fe\u5728\u5fb7\u7d2f\u65af\u987f\u542c\u8fc7\u4ed6\u6f14\u5531\u7684\u8457\u540d\u5bab\u5ef7\u97f3\u4e50\u5bb6\u5321\u8328\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u7684\u6f14\u5531\u98ce\u5ea6\u843d\u843d\u5927\u65b9\uff0c\u53d1\u58f0\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e0\u4e0e\u4f26\u6bd4\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u5531\u6162\u677f\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5206\u4f7f\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u97f3\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5531\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u97f3\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u6781\u529b\u8ffd\u6c42\u7cbe\u81f4\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u5feb\u901f\u4e50\u6bb5\u5531\u5f97\u50cf\u706b\u4e00\u6837\u70bd\u70c8\uff0c\u628a\u91cd\u97f3\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u88c5\u9970\u6027\u53e5\u5b50\u7528\u80f8\u8154\u58f0\u97f3\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5410\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u6e05\u65b0\u60a6\u8033\u3002\u201d\u585e\u6d85\u897f\u8bfa\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5404\u56fd\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\uff0c\u6709\u201c\u6b4c\u738b\u201d\u7684\u7f8e\u8a89\u3002
\u5361\u83b1\u65af\u8482\u5c3c
\u4e54\u4e07\u5c3c\u00b7\u5361\u83b1\u65af\u8482\u5c3c(1705-1759\u5e74)\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u9609\u4eba\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u8d1d\u90a3\u5947\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u535a\u6d1b\u5c3c\u4e9a\u6b4c\u5531\u5b66\u6d3e\u4e2d\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u30021721\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u57ce\u5e02\u6f14\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u6210\u529f\uff0c1733\u5e74\u81f31735\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u53d7\u8058\u4e8e\u4ea8\u5fb7\u5c14\u7684\u6b4c\u5267\u56e2\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u768420\u591a\u5e74\u5728\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u5404\u5730\u6f14\u51fa\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u5361\u83b1\u65af\u8482\u5c3c\u5f00\u59cb\u6f14\u5531\u7684\u662f\u5973\u9ad8\u97f3\uff08\u9ad8\u97f3C\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u5374\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5973\u4f4e\u97f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u535a\u6d1b\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5b66\u6d3e\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u7406\u53d8\u5316\u6709\u5173\u3002
\u5361\u83b1\u65af\u8482\u5c3c\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6b4c\u5531\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4ed6\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u80f8\u8154\uff0c\u628a\u9ad8\u96be\u5ea6\u7684\u534e\u5f69\u4e50\u53e5\u6f14\u5531\u6781\u6e05\u6670\u800c\u52a8\u542c\u3002\u5728\u6f14\u5531\u4ea8\u5fb7\u5c14\u6b4c\u5267\u300a\u963f\u4e3d\u5b89\u5a1c\u5728\u514b\u5229\u7279\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u548f\u53f9\u8c03\u300a\u575a\u56fa\u7684\u6a61\u6811\u300b\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u97f3\uff0c\u51fa\u8272\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u6700\u957f\u548c\u6700\u96be\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u97f3\u4e50\u53e5\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4ea8\u5fb7\u5c14\u7279\u5730\u66f4\u6539\u4e86\u4e50\u8c31\uff0c\u52a0\u5199\u4e86\u4f4e\u97f3\u548c\u98a4\u97f3\u3002\u5361\u83b1\u65af\u8482\u5c3c\u7684\u6f14\u5531\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u4e30\u5bcc\u3001\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5f3a\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u6d3b\u529b\uff0c\u70ed\u60c5\u5954\u653e\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u5177\u827a\u672f\u9020\u8be3\u7684\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u3002
\u5361\u6cd5\u96f7\u5229
\u5361\u6cd5\u96f7\u522917037-1783)\uff0c\u539f\u540d\u52a0\u8036\u5854\u5854\u00b7\u9a6c\u4e54\u5170\u8bfa\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5973\u9ad8\u97f3\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u6ce2\u6ce2\u62c9\u7684\u9ad8\u5f92\u300221\u5c81\u65f6\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u9996\u6b21\u767b\u53f0\u6f14\u5531\u5c31\u5f15\u8d77\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u54cd\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4ed6\u7684\u58f0\u540d\u4f20\u904d\u4e86\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5168\u56fd\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u4e0d\u52d2\u65af\u4ed6\u7684\u6f14\u5531\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u9886\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\u30021730\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u6b4c\u5531\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7684\u6f14\u51fa\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u8d85\u4eba\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65e0\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u903e\u8d8a\u3002\u5361\u6cd5\u96f7\u5229\u7684\u6b4c\u5531\u751f\u6daf\u957f\u8fbe40\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u572860\u591a\u5c81\u611f\u5230\u529b\u4e0d\u4ece\u5fc3\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u9000\u51fa\u821e\u53f0\u3002\u5361\u6cd5\u745e\u5229\u6700\u521d\u662f\u5531\u5973\u9ad8\u97f3\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6539\u5531\u7537\u89d2\u3002\u4ed6\u6700\u64c5\u957f\u6162\u677f\u548c\u60b2\u5267\u6027\u7684\u6b4c\u66f2\uff0c\u4f46\u6f14\u5531\u534e\u4e3d\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u6b4c\u66f2\u540c\u6837\u6781\u4e3a\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u4ed6\u6f14\u5531\u7684\u534a\u97f3\u8282\u534e\u5f69\u4e50\u53e5\u6280\u5de7\u65e0\u4e0e\u4f26\u6bd4\u3002\u5361\u6cd5\u96f7\u5229\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u7f57\u897f\u5c3c\u7684\u6b4c\u5267\u300a\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u7684\u7406\u53d1\u5e08\u300b\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u72b9\u4e3a\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8d5e\u7f8e\u201c\u5361\u6cd5\u745e\u5229\u5531\u5f97\u6b4c\u66f2\u5982\u540c\u6765\u81ea\u5929\u5802\u201d\u3002
\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5361\u6cd5\u96f7\u5229\u867d\u7136\u6709\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u6b4c\u5589\uff0c\u5374\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u3002\u5728\u6f14\u51fa\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6043\u624d\u50b2\u7269\uff0c\u4e0d\u80af\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u6f14\u5458\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u522b\u4eba\u6f14\u5531\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u7c97\u66b4\u5730\u7528\u624b\u52bf\u6307\u6325\uff0c\u6216\u8bbd\u523a\u5730\u5e2e\u8154\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u653e\u8086\u5730\u548c\u5305\u53a2\u91cc\u7684\u4eba\u9ad8\u58f0\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7528\u4e0b\u6d41\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7f9e\u8fb1\u5973\u6f14\u5458\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u89c2\u4f17\u4e0d\u6ee1\u7684\u5618\u58f0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u4e3a\u6b64\u5750\u8fc7\u7262\u3002\u5361\u6cd5\u96f7\u5229\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u6f14\u51fa\u65f6\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u60f9\u662f\u751f\u975e\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4e86\u827a\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u7adf\u591a\u6b21\u548c\u5bf9\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u6b7b\u76f8\u5411\u7684\u51b3\u6597\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\u4ed6\u4e0e\u7f57\u9a6c\u67d0\u8d35\u5987\u7ea6\u4f1a\u65f6\u5dee\u70b9\u88ab\u5176\u9707\u6012\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u6293\u4f4f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9f\u5f03\u7684\u8d2e\u6c34\u6c60\u91cc\u8eb2\u4e86\u6574\u6574\u4e00\u591c\uff0c\u53d7\u51c9\u540e\u5927\u75c5\u4e00\u573a\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5982\u6b64\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6ca1\u5403\u4e8f\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u90a3\u4f4d\u8d35\u5987\u8fd8\u96c7\u4e86\u4e00\u7fa4\u4fdd\u9556\u4f7f\u4ed6\u514d\u906d\u4e08\u592b\u6d3e\u9063\u7684\u523a\u5ba2\u6697\u7b97\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u5361\u6cd5\u96f7\u5229\u653e\u5f03\u604b\u60c5\u9003\u5f80\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u3002\u4ed6\u80c6\u5927\u5984\u4e3a\u516c\u5f00\u4fae\u8fb1\u6cd5\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u5883\u3002
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5361\u6cd5\u96f7\u5229\u52a3\u8ff9\u751a\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u6b4c\u5531\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e00\u6b21\u6b21\u5730\u539f\u8c05\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002 \u665a\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u5361\u6cd5\u96f7\u5229\uff0c\u6027\u60c5\u53d8\u5f97\u8f83\u4e3a\u6e29\u548c\uff0c\u5f85\u4eba\u4e5f\u8f83\u4e3a\u53cb\u5584\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u975e\u5e38\u5bcc\u6709\uff0c\u6295\u5de8\u8d44\u8d2d\u4e70\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u8d77\u4e86\u591a\u5904\u8c6a\u5b85\u3002
\u6cd5\u91cc\u5185\u5229
\u6700\u8457\u540d\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u8ba8\u4eba\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u9609\u4eba\u6b4c\u624b\u5927\u6982\u8981\u6570\u5361\u6d1b\u00b7\u5e03\u7f57\u65af\u57fa\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53eb\u4ed6\u6cd5\u91cc\u5185\u5229\u3002
\u6cd5\u91cc\u5185\u5229(1705-1782)\u66fe\u5728\u90a3\u4e0d\u52d2\u65af\u5e08\u4ece\u8457\u540d\u6559\u5e08\u5c3c\u79d1\u62c9\u00b7\u6ce2\u5c14\u6ce2\u62c9\uff0c\u540e\u5728\u6ce2\u5c14\u6ce2\u62c9\u7684\u51e0\u90e8\u6b4c\u5267\u4e2d\u62c5\u4efb\u89d2\u8272\u300215\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u6cd5\u745e\u5185\u5229\u5728\u90a3\u4e0d\u52d2\u65af\u767b\u53f0\u6f14\u5531\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6b4c\u5531\u624d\u80fd\u300217\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u6f14\u5531\u6ce2\u6ce2\u62c9\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u9996\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7528\u5c0f\u53f7\u52a9\u594f\u7684\u548f\u53f9\u8c03\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u9996\u6b4c\u66f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u58f0\u548c\u53f7\u58f0\u6b64\u8d77\u5f7c\u4f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e89\u9ad8\u4f4e\u3002\u5f53\u5c0f\u53f7\u7cbe\u75b2\u529b\u7aed\u540e\uff0c\u6cd5\u91cc\u5185\u5229\u5374\u4ece\u5bb9\u4e0d\u8feb\u5730\u7ee7\u7eed\u6f14\u5531\u4e86\u4e00\u66f2\u5e26\u98a4\u97f3\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u534e\u5f69\u4e50\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5c0f\u53f7\u4e3a\u4e4b\u6298\u670d\uff0c\u89c2\u4f17\u4e3a\u4e4b\u9707\u60ca\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u9996\u548f\u53f9\u8c03\u6210\u4e3a\u6cd5\u91cc\u5185\u5229\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u66f2\u76ee\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u4ed6\u540d\u58f0\u5927\u566a \u3002
\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u8fd120\u5e74\u5185\uff0c\u6cd5\u91cc\u5185\u5229\u7684\u6b4c\u6280\u9010\u6b65\u8fbe\u5230\u7089\u706b\u7eaf\u9752\u7684\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6b27\u6d32\u4e00\u6d41\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u5531\u7684\u6b4c\u66f2\u96be\u5ea6\u6781\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u548f\u53f9\u8c03\u300a\u6218\u58eb\u5728\u6b66\u88c5\u7684\u9635\u5730\u300b\u4e00\u66f2\uff0c\u9664\u6cd5\u91cc\u5185\u5229\u5916\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u4eba\u4e8e\u95ee\u6d25\u30021934\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6b4c\u5531\u6c34\u5e73\u8fbe\u5230\u5dc5\u5cf0\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u82f1\u56fd\u5987\u5973\u5728\u6cd5\u91cc\u5185\u5229\u7684\u4f26\u6566\u9996\u6f14\u5f0f\u4e0a\u6fc0\u52a8\u5f97\u5927\u53eb\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u5c31\u662f\u795e\u554a!\u6cd5\u91cc\u5185\u5229!\u201d\u4ed6\u8f89\u714c\u7684\u6f14\u5531\u751f\u6daf\u6301\u7eed\u4e8615\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002
\u6cd5\u91cc\u5185\u5229\u7d20\u6709\u97f3\u8272\u7eaf\u51c0\u3001\u58f0\u97f3\u4f18\u7f8e\u4e14\u7075\u6d3b\u81ea\u5982\u7684\u7f8e\u8a89\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u754c\u6743\u5a01\u4eba\u571f\u5321\u8328\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u7684\u97f3\u51c6\u6781\u597d\uff0c\u98a4\u97f3\u5f88\u7f8e\uff0c\u80ba\u6d3b\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u5589\u5499\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u800c\u4ece\u5bb9\u5730\u7528\u5feb\u901f\u5531\u8fdc\u97f3\u7a0b\uff0c\u5531\u95f4\u65ad\u7684\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e50\u53e5\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u56f0\u96be\u201d\u3002\u7f8e\u58f0\u5531\u6cd5\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5927\u5e08\u66fc\u5947\u5c3c\u60ca\u547c\uff1a\u201c\u592a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3001\u592a\u5bcc\u6709\u611f\u67d3\u529b\u4e86!\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u58f0\u533a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u90fd\u6781\u5176\u5bbd\u5927\u6d2a\u4eae\uff0c\u5145\u5b9e\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u5230\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u4ed6\u76f8\u6bd4\u201d\u3002\u89c2\u4f17\u5bf9\u4ed6\u66f4\u662f\u5d07\u62dc\u5730\u4e94\u4f53\u6295\u5730\uff0c\u75af\u72c2\u5730\u9ad8\u547c\uff1a\u201c\u5929\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u5730\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u745e\u5185\u5229!\u201d
\u6b63\u5f53\u4ed6\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5982\u65e5\u4e2d\u5929\u65f6\uff0c1737\u5e74\uff0c32\u5c81\u7684\u6cd5\u91cc\u5185\u5229\u5e94\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u738b\u540e\u4e4b\u9080\uff0c\u544a\u522b\u821e\u53f0\uff0c
\u524d\u5f80\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u4e94\u4e16\u7684\u5bab\u5ef7\u4f9b\u804c\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u53bb10\u5e74\u3002\u4e3a\u60a3\u6709\u602a\u7656\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u5531\u6b4c\u89e3\u5fe7\uff0c\u8017\u8d39\u4e86\u6781\u5176\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u5149\u9634\u3002
\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u4e94\u4e16\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9677\u4eba\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6cae\u4e27\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u60c5\u51b5\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7cdf\uff1a\u4ed6\u6574\u5929\u65e0\u7cbe\u6253\u91c7\uff0c\u84ec\u5934\u57a2\u9762\uff0c\u62ab\u7740\u7761\u888d\u5728\u5c4b\u5b50\u91cc\u8f6c\u5708\u3002\u7687\u540e\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u8ba9\u6cd5\u91cc\u5185\u5229\u5355\u72ec\u5531\u6b4c\u7ed9\u56fd\u738b\u542c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u62db\u8fd8\u771f\u7684\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u6162\u6162\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u751f\u6c14\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u68b3\u6d17\u7740\u88c5\uff0c\u8d77\u5c45\u4e5f\u6b63\u5e38\u4e86\u3002
\u6cd5\u91cc\u5185\u5229\u7684\u6f14\u5531\u6210\u4e86\u7687\u5bb6\u665a\u95f4\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u8282\u76ee\u3002\u6309\u4f2f\u5c3c\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd910\u5e74\u95f4\u6bcf\u665a\u90fd\u5531\u540c\u6837\u76844\u9996\u548f\u53f9\u8c03\u3002
\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u738b\u671d\u4e8e1746\u5e74\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u8d39\u8fea\u5357\u5fb7\u516d\u4e16\u7ee7\u4f4d\uff0c\u6cd5\u91cc\u5185\u5229\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e3a\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\uff0c1750\u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u745e\u5185\u5229\u83b7\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6700\u9ad8\u9a91\u58eb\u7235\u4f4d\u30021759\u5e74\uff0c\u56e0\u4e0e\u65b0\u56fd\u738b\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u4e09\u4e16\u610f\u89c1\u76f8\u5de6\uff0c\u79bb\u5f00\u5bab\u5ef7\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u9000\u4f11\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5728\u535a\u6d1b\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7ec8\u5176\u4e00\u751f\u3002
\u6cd5\u91cc\u5185\u5229\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u6b4c\u5531\u827a\u672f\u4e0a\u65e0\u4eba\u4f01\u53ca\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6b4c\u5589\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u4ee5\u524d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4f4d\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u548c\u8c26\u865a\u7684\u54c1\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u5361\u6cd5\u96f7\u5229\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u5e74\u4ee3\u91cc\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u3001\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u9609\u4eba\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u3002\u6cd5\u91cc\u5185\u5229\u548c\u5361\u6cd5\u96f7\u5229\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4ee5\u9609\u4eba\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bb0\u7684\u6b63\u6b4c\u5267\u7f8e\u58f0\u5531\u6cd5\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\u3002
18\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u9609\u4eba\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u7684\u7f8e\u58f0\u5531\u6cd5\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u5355\u7eaf\u70ab\u8000\u58f0\u97f3\u548c\u6280\u5de7\u3001\u6beb\u65e0\u514b\u5236\u5730\u54d7\u4f17\u53d6\u5ba0\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u3002\u6cd5\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4f46\u9010\u6e10\u80cc\u79bb\u4e86\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u523b\u753b\u5fc3\u7406\u3001\u8868\u73b0\u6027\u683c\u7684\u521d\u8877\uff0c\u8fd8\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u6b4c\u5267\u7684\u620f\u5267\u6027\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u5185\u6db5\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4f7f\u6b4c\u5267\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u6027\u6709\u6240\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u6ed1\u5411\u4e86\u6109\u60a6\u611f\u5b98\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4f4e\u8c37
\u8457\u540d\u7684\u9609\u4eba\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\uff1a \u5df4\u5c14\u8fbe\u8428\u83b1\u00b7\u83f2\u5229(l610-1680\u5e74)\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5973\u9ad8\u97f3\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u9609\u4eba\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u9609\u5272\u672f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5e7c\u5e74\u906d\u9047\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u610f\u5916\u4e8b\u6545\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e0d\u5e78\u5374\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4ece\u6b64\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e86\u58f0\u4e50\u827a\u672f\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6210\u4e3a\u4eab\u8a89\u5168\u6b27\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u6b4c\u5531\u5bb6\u3002\u83f2\u5229\u572811\u5c81\u65f6\u5c31\u5531\u5973\u9ad8\u97f3\uff0c15\u5c81\u65f6\u79bb\u5f00\u610f\u5927\u5229\u524d\u5f80\u6ce2\u5170\uff0c\u5728\u534e\u6c99\u7684\u738b\u5bab\u4e2d\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u5373\u4f4d\u4e3a\u738b\u7684\u62c9\u8fea\u65af\u62c9\u65af\u738b\u5b50\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u957f\u8fbe30\u5e74\u30021655\u5e74\uff0c\u745e\u5178\u5165\u4fb5\u6ce2\u5170\uff0c\u738b\u5ba4\u8fc1\u5f80\u897f\u91cc\u897f\u4e9a\u3002\u83f2\u5229\u8f6c\u8f97\u6d41\u4ea1\u5230\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f97\u5230\u5965\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u83f2\u4e01\u5357\u5fb7\u4e00\u4e16\u548c\u5217\u5965\u6ce2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4e09\u4e16\u7684\u8d4f\u8bc6\u300265\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u9690\u9000\u8fd4\u56de\u610f\u5927\u5229\u30025\u5e74\u540e\u6b7b\u4e8e\u5bb6\u4e61\u4f69\u5362\u5409\u4e9a
周杰伦绛旓細鍛ㄦ澃浼
绛旓細灏肩鏋楄(1673涓?骞),鍘熷悕灏肩娲浡锋牸鎷夐┈灏旂,鎰忓ぇ鍒闃変汉姝屽敱瀹銆備袱搴﹀湪鑻卞浗婕斿敱姝屽墽(1708-1712)銆(1715-1717),鏇惧湪浜ㄥ痉灏旂殑姝屽墽銆婇浄绾冲皵澶氥嬩腑楗版紨闆风撼灏斿銆1717骞村悗鍥炲埌鎰忓ぇ鍒,鍦ㄥ▉灏兼柉鍜岄偅涓嶅嫆鏂疆娴佹紨鍑恒1730骞,57宀佺殑灏肩鏋楄鍦ㄥ▉灏兼柉涓捐浜嗗憡鍒紨鍑恒傚凹绉戞灄璇烘槸涓浣嶄互琛ㄦ紨鐫绉扮殑姝屽敱瀹,浠栫涓娆℃妸鐢ㄤ互濉戦犱汉鐗...
绛旓細灏辫繛瀵归槈浼朵竴鍚戞寔鏈夊亸瑙佺殑娉曞浗钁楀悕鍓т綔瀹朵紡灏旀嘲涔熸壙璁わ細浠栦滑锛堟寚闃変级锛夌殑姝屽枆涔嬬編濡锛屾瘮濂虫ф洿鑳滀竴绛广1772骞达紝璐濆凹璁块棶寰峰浗鏃讹紝鍙戠幇缁村皵鑼ㄥ牎鍏埖鍦ㄤ粬鐨勯鍜屽洯鍐呭吇鐫15鍚嶉槈浜烘瓕鎵嬶紝瀹唴杩樻湁涓や釜涓撲簨浜庨槈鍓叉墜鏈殑澶栫鍖荤敓锛屾嵁璇磋繖浣嶅叕鐖垫矇杩蜂簬姝屽墽锛屽嚑涔庡洜姝よ屾瘉浜嗕粬鐨勮嚕姘戙傚湪灏兼硦灏旓紝璁稿骞磋交鐨勯槈浼跺湪闊充箰...
绛旓細闃変汉姝屾墜锛屽張绉闃変级姝屾墜锛屼富瀹扮潃16涓栫邯鑷18涓栫邯涓婂崐鍙剁殑姝屽墽鑸炲彴銆傚湪宸存礇鍏嬫椂鏈燂紝缃楅┈鏁欏涵绂佹濂虫у湪鏁欏爞鍞卞湥璇楋紝鍥犳鍑虹幇浜嗛槈浜烘瓕鑰呫備粬浠粠6銆7宀佸紑濮嬪涔狅紝骞惰璇佹槑鏄竴涓嚭鑹茬殑鍦ｆ瓕闃熷憳锛屾墠鑳借繘琛岄槈鍓叉墜鏈紝鐒跺悗鍐嶇粡杩4銆5骞寸殑瀛︿範銆傚湪鍙樺０鏈熶箣鍓嶆帴鍙楁墜鏈殑鐢风锛屾垚骞村悗涔熻兘淇濇寔绾噣楂樹孩鐨勯煶璐紝鎹...
绛旓細...渚嬪vitas鍦╯mile閲岀殑琛ㄧ幇... 鎵浠ュ湪浠ュ墠涓娈垫椂闂翠汉浠寽娴媣itas鏄竴浣嶉槈浼...浣嗚繖绉嶈娉曞凡缁忚浜轰滑鎵鎽掑純鍥犱负vitas闄や簡鍦ㄩ煶涔愪笂鐨勬墠鍗庝箣澶栵紝鍏惰涓哄拰鎴愬勾鐢锋у苟鏃犲樊寮... 濡傛灉浣犲闃変级鏈夊叴瓒ｇ殑璇濇帹鑽愪綘鐪嬩竴閮ㄧ數褰便婄粷浠ｅ濮...璁茶堪鐨勬槸鍘嗗彶涓婃渶浼熷ぇ鐨勯槈浜烘瓕鎵嬫硶閲屽唴鍒╃殑鐢熷钩鏁呬簨......
绛旓細鍒橀獜宄板苟涓嶆槸闃変级姝屾墜锛屼粬鍙槸杩愮敤鍋囧０鏉ユā浠块槈浼剁殑鍞辨硶銆闃変级姝屾墜鎸鍡撻煶娲寒娓呮緢鐨勭敺绔ワ紝鍦ㄨ繘鍏ラ潚鏄ユ湡鍓嶉氳繃娈嬪繊鐨勯槈鍓叉墜鏈潵鏀瑰彉浠栦滑鍙戣偛鍚庣殑澹伴煶锛屽洜涓轰綋鍐呯殑鎬ф縺绱犲彂鐢熷彉鍖栵紝浠栦滑鐨勫０閬撲細鍙樼獎锛屾湁鍒╀簬闊冲煙鐨勬墿寮狅紝鍔犱笂宸ㄥぇ鐨勮偤娲婚噺鍜屽０鐞嗕綋绉紝浣夸粬浠嫢鏈変簡瓒呰繃浜嗗父浜虹殑闈炲嚒鍡撻煶銆
绛旓細鐢靛奖銆婃硶閲屽唴鍒┿嬪湪鍥藉唴琚炕璇戞垚鈥滅粷浠ｅ濮濓紝鎻忓啓鐨勬槸18涓栫邯鎰忓ぇ鍒╄憲鍚闃変汉姝屾墜娉曢噷鍐呭埄鐨勬晠浜嬶紝杩欎釜鐢靛奖鎵嚭闊充箰鍘嗗彶涓婄殑涓涓嫭鐗圭幇璞°傚湪17鍜18涓栫邯锛屾剰澶у埄姝屽墽涓洓琛屼娇鐢ㄩ槈浜烘瓕鎵嬶紝浠栦滑鍡撻煶鐨勯煶璐ㄦ煍闊ц屾湁鍏夊僵锛屼繚鏈夌楂橀煶鐨勯煶鑹层備粠钂欑壒濞佸皵绗埌鏍奸瞾鍏嬬殑姝屽墽涓紝閮芥湁闃変汉鐢烽珮闊崇殑瑙掕壊銆傞櫎娉曢噷鍐呭埄锛屽巻鍙...
绛旓細淇勭綏鏂殑VITAS VITAS骞堕潪闃変级姝屾墜:鐣呴攢閲戞洸鍚竴鐐瑰彲浠ワ紝鍗村埆澶綋鐪燂紝澶у嚒鍠滅埍涔嬬墿鎬绘槸寰楄嚜宸辫愬績鎵惧锛屼縿缃楁柉澶╂墠姝屾墜VITAS鏄瑪鑰呮瀬涓烘帹宕囩殑涓涓紝鍏跺疄鍦ㄦ垜浠彂鐜颁箣鍓嶏紝浠栨棭宸叉槸淇勭綏鏂浗瀹濈骇宸ㄦ槦浜嗐傝糠浜虹殑澹扮嚎鍦ㄩ榄呭紡鍞辫厰鐨勬敮閰嶄笅浠夸經绌胯秺姝讳骸銆佸洖褰掓湰鐪熷張缈辩繑浜庡ぉ鐣岀殑涓閬撲粰铏癸紝杩欐槸涓绉嶆父娴簬涓栫晫杈圭紭...
绛旓細杩欎竴鏃舵湡鐗规畩鐨勬瓕鎵嬬О涓洪槈浼舵瓕鎵嬨傞槈浜烘瓕鍞卞锛屽張绉伴槈浼讹紝鏄竴浜涘湪绔ュ勾鏃舵帴鍙楄繃闃夊壊鎵嬫湳鐨勭敺鎬ф瓕鎵嬶紝鍘诲娍鐨勭洰鐨勬槸涓轰簡淇濇寔绔ュ０锛屾槸16涓栫邯鑷18涓栫邯鏈熼棿锛屾娲茬殑涓绉嶇嫭鐗圭殑鑹轰汉銆闃変级姝屾墜鎸鍡撻煶娲寒娓呮緢鐨勭敺绔ワ紝鍦ㄨ繘鍏ラ潚鏄ユ湡鍓嶉氳繃娈嬪繊鐨勯槈鍓叉墜鏈潵鏀瑰彉浠栦滑鍙戣偛鍚庣殑澹伴煶锛屽洜涓轰綋鍐呯殑鎬ф縺绱犲彂鐢熷彉鍖栵紝浠栦滑鐨勫０閬...
绛旓細鏈鍚庝竴浣闃変级姝屾墜Alessandro Moreschi浜1922骞寸寮浜轰笘銆傚巻鍙插痉鍥戒竴浣嶅鑰呭啓閬:鈥滃勾杞荤殑闃変汉姝屾墜鍡撻煶娓呰剢銆佸姩鍚佹棤涓庝鸡姣,浠讳綍濂虫ч兘涓嶅彲鑳藉叿鏈夊姝ゆ竻鑴嗐佹湁鍔涜屽張鐢滅編鐨勬瓕鍠夈傗18涓栫邯鑻卞浗钁楀悕鐨勯煶涔愬彶瀛﹀鏌ュ皵鏂峰笗灏兼浘杩欐牱鎻忚堪1734骞存硶閲屽唴鍒╁湪浼︽暒婕斿敱鏃剁殑鎯呮櫙:鈥滀粬鎶婂墠闈㈢殑鏇茶皟澶勭悊寰楅潪甯哥簿缁,涔愰煶涓鐐逛竴鐐瑰湴閫愭笎...
