化合物的稳定性是能量越高越稳定还是能量越低越稳定？ 高中化学中物质能量越高越稳定还是越低越稳定？
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\u3010\u952e\u80fd\u3011
\u5916\u6587\u540d\u79f0\uff1aBond Energy
\u540d\u8bcd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u80fd\u91cf
\u540d\u8bcd\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u5316\u5b66
\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u53cd\u6620\u5206\u5b50\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027
\u542b\u4e49\uff1a
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\u952e\u80fd\u662f\u8868\u5f81\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u952e\u65ad\u88c2\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u3002\u5728101.3kPa\u548c298K\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c061mol\u6c14\u6001\u5206\u5b50AB\u65ad\u88c2\u6210\u7406\u60f3\u6c14\u6001\u539f\u5b50\u6240\u5438\u6536\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53eb\u505aAB\u7684\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd(KJ\u00b7mol),\u5e38\u7528\u7b26\u53f7D(A-B)\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5373:AB(g)\u2500\u2192A(g)+ B(g)
\u5728\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u65ad\u88c2\u6c14\u6001\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u53eb\u505a\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u952e\u7684\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982:
NH3(g)= NH2(g)+ H(g) D1 = 435kJ\u00b7mol
NH2(g)= NH(g)+ H(g) D2= 397kJ\u00b7mol
NH(g)= N(g)+ H(g) D3= 339kJ\u00b7mol
NH3\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684N-H\u952e\uff0c\u4f46\u5148\u540e\u62c6\u5f00\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u952e\u80fd(Bond Energy)\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6307\u5728101.3KPa\u548c298K\u4e0b\u5c061mol\u6c14\u6001\u5206\u5b50\u62c6\u5f00\u6210\u6c14\u6001\u539f\u5b50\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u952e\u6240\u9700\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u952e\u80fd\u7528E\u8868\u793a\u3002\u663e\u7136\u5bf9\u53cc\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u952e\u80fd\u7b49\u4e8e\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c298.15K\u65f6\uff0cH\u7684\u952e\u80fdE(H-H)=D(H-H)=436kJ\u00b7mol;\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u952e\u80fd\u548c\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982NH\u5206\u5b50\u4e2dN-H\u952e\u7684\u952e\u80fd\u5e94\u662f\u4e09\u4e2aN-H\u952e\u79bb\u89e3\u80fd\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c:
E(N-H)=(D1+D2+D3)/3=1171/3=391kJ\u00b7mol
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(\u6ce8\uff1a\u952e\u80fd\u5927\u5c0f\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u7269\u8d28\u80fd\u91cf\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u8868\u793a\u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u8fbe\u5230\u6d3b\u6cfc\u6001\u65f6\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u4e4b\u5dee)
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低能量的更稳定。当然是越低越稳定了
绛旓細褰撶劧鏄秺浣瓒婄ǔ瀹浜
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绛旓細閿兘鐨勬暟鍊艰〃绀烘墦鐮磋鍖栧閿墍闇瑕佺殑鑳介噺锛閿兘瓒婂ぇ锛岃〃绀轰綘闇瑕佹彁渚涙墦鐮磋繖鏍归敭鐨勮兘閲忚秺澶э紝涔熶唬琛ㄨ繖鏍归敭瓒婄墷鍥猴紝鎹㈣█涔嬪氨鏄秺绋冲畾銆傛墍浠ョ涓鍙ヨ瘽鏄鐨勩備絾涓涓綋绯伙紝濡傛灉鑳介噺瓒婇珮锛屽垯浠ｈ〃杩欎釜浣撶郴瓒婅秼浜庢椿璺冿紝甯屾湜鏀惧嚭鑳介噺璁╄嚜宸辫揪鍒颁綆鑳介噺鐨勭姸鎬併傛崲瑷涔嬶紝鑳介噺瓒婇珮锛岃秺涓嶇ǔ瀹氥傛墍浠ョ浜屽彞璇濇槸閿...
绛旓細涓嶅悓鍖栧悎鐗╁叿鏈変笉鍚岀殑鑳介噺锛屽寘鎷姩鑳戒笌鍔胯兘锛屽湪鐩稿悓鐨勬俯搴﹀帇鍔涙潯浠朵笅锛屼富瑕佹槸鍔胯兘涓嶅悓銆鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍔胯兘涓昏鐢卞悇涓寲瀛﹂敭鐨勯敭鑳藉強鍩哄洟锛堟垨鍘熷瓙锛変箣闂寸殑鐩镐簰浣滅敤鍔涚粍鎴愶紝鍙牴鎹竴涓寲鍚堢墿鐨勫寲瀛﹂敭鑳藉強绌洪棿鏋勫舰鍏崇郴鏉ョ矖鐣ュ垽鏂叾鍔胯兘鐨勫ぇ灏忥紝鍔胯兘瓒婁綆锛屽垎瀛瓒婄ǔ瀹銆
绛旓細鐗╄川鍏锋湁鐨勮兘閲忓拰閿兘鏄袱涓笉鍚岀殑姒傚康.绠鍗曟潵璇,閿兘瓒婂ぇ,鐗╄川瓒婄ǔ瀹;鑰岀墿璐ㄥ叿鏈夌殑鑳介噺瓒婁綆,鐗╄川瓒婄ǔ瀹.鎵浠ュ彲浠ョ畝鍗曠悊瑙ｄ负閿兘瓒婂ぇ,鐗╄川鍏锋湁鐨勮兘閲忚秺浣.鈻矵=鍙嶅簲鐗╃殑閿兘-鐢熸垚鐗╃殑閿兘 ^^^鈶 鈻矵=鐢熸垚鐗╃殑鎬昏兘閲-鍙嶆槧鐗╃殑鎬昏兘閲 ^^^鈶 涓ゅ紡閮芥纭,骞朵笉鐭涚浘.鎵撲釜涓嶅お鎭板綋鐨勬瘮鍠,鍦ㄥ北椤朵笂...
绛旓細鑳介噺瓒浣瓒婄ǔ瀹锛岄敭鑳借秺澶ц秺绋冲畾銆傘愰敭鑳姐戝鏂囧悕绉帮細Bond Energy 鍚嶈瘝绫诲瀷锛氳兘閲 鍚嶈瘝棰嗗煙锛氬寲瀛 浣滅敤锛氬弽鏄犲垎瀛绋冲畾鎬 鍚箟锛氬湪鑷劧鐣屼腑鑳介噺鐨勫舰寮忓绉嶅鏍凤紝濡傚厜鑳姐佺儹鑳姐佺數鑳姐佹満姊拌兘鍜屽寲瀛﹁兘绛夈傚湪鐢熷懡浣撶郴涓紝鍙湁鍖栧鑳藉彲浠ヨ鐩存帴浣滀负鐢ㄦ潵鍋氬姛鐨勮兘婧愶紝鑰屽叾浠栧舰寮忕殑鑳介噺鍒欐槸璧锋縺鍙戠敓鐗╀綋鍋氬姛鐨勪綔鐢...
绛旓細鑳介噺瓒浣瓒婄ǔ瀹锛岄敭鑳借秺澶ц秺绋冲畾銆傘愰敭鑳姐戝鏂囧悕绉帮細Bond Energy 鍚嶈瘝绫诲瀷锛氳兘閲 鍚嶈瘝棰嗗煙锛氬寲瀛 浣滅敤锛氬弽鏄犲垎瀛绋冲畾鎬 鍚箟锛氬湪鑷劧鐣屼腑鑳介噺鐨勫舰寮忓绉嶅鏍凤紝濡傚厜鑳姐佺儹鑳姐佺數鑳姐佹満姊拌兘鍜屽寲瀛﹁兘绛夈傚湪鐢熷懡浣撶郴涓紝鍙湁鍖栧鑳藉彲浠ヨ鐩存帴浣滀负鐢ㄦ潵鍋氬姛鐨勮兘婧愶紝鑰屽叾浠栧舰寮忕殑鑳介噺鍒欐槸璧锋縺鍙戠敓鐗╀綋鍋氬姛鐨勪綔鐢...
绛旓細鍖栧鍙嶅簲閮芥槸鏈濈潃娣蜂贡搴﹂檷浣庣喌鍊煎噺灏忕殑鏂瑰悜杩涜鐨,涔熷氨鏄敓鎴愮墿瑕佹瘮鍙嶅簲鐗╃ǔ瀹.鎵浠ョ墿璐ㄥ寲瀛﹁兘瓒婁綆,瓒婄ǔ瀹.閿兘瓒婂ぇ,瑕佺牬鍧忚繖涓敭闇瑕鐨勮兘閲忚秺澶,閭ｈ繖涓敭瓒婁笉瀹规槗鐮村潖,鎵浠ヨ繖涓墿璐ㄨ秺绋冲畾,鍏惰兘閲忚秺浣.
绛旓細浣犲ソ銆傘鑳介噺楂鐨勭墿浣擄紝姣旇兘閲忎綆鐨勭墿浣撲笉绋冲畾 涔熷氨鏄锛鑳介噺瓒婇珮锛岀墿浣撹秺涓嶇ǔ瀹
绛旓細閭ｈ鐪嬫槸浠涔堣兘浜 鏅舵牸鑳姐侀敭鑳藉氨鏄秺澶瓒婄ǔ瀹 鍏跺畠姣斿浣撶郴鑳介噺灏辨槸瓒婂皬瓒婄ǔ瀹
