常见的前缀和后缀分类的单词 常见英语前缀和后缀

\u5e38\u89c1\u82f1\u8bed\u524d\u7f00\u548c\u540e\u7f00

\u4e00\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u82f1\u8bed\u524d\u7f00
1\u3001a- \u5728\u2026\u2026\u4e4b\u4e0a\u2016aboard prep. \u5728\uff08\u8239\u3001\u98de\u673a\u3001\u8f66\uff09\u4e0a
2\u3001ab-, abs- \u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u504f\u79bb\u2016abnormal a. \u53cd\u5e38\u7684
3\u3001anti- \u5148\u2016anticipate vt. \u9884\u671f
4\u3001ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-\u8868\u52a0\u5f3a\u610f \u2016accuse vt. \u6307\u63a7
5\u3001bene- \u597d\u2016beneficial a. \u6709\u76ca\u7684
6\u3001bio- \u751f\u547d\u2016biology n. \u751f\u7269\u5b66
7\u3001cata- \u5411\u4e0b\u2016catalog(ue) n. \u76ee\u5f55
8\u3001col-, com-, con-, co-, cor- \u5171\u540c\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77 \u2016combat n. \u6218\u6597
9\u3001contra- \u76f8\u53cd\u2016contrast v. \u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u5bf9\u7167
10\u3001de- \u79bb\uff1b\u52a0\u5f3a\u8bcd\u610f\u2016depart vi. \u79bb\u5f00\uff1b\u80cc\u79bb
11\u3001di-, dif-, dis- \u5206\u5f00 \u2016discard vt. \u4e22\u5f03
12\u3001dia- \u7a7f\u8fc7\u2016diameter n. \u76f4\u5f84
13\u3001e-, ef-, ex- \u51fa\uff0c\u51fa\u6765\u2016export v. \u51fa\u53e3
14\u3001em-, en- \u5728\u2026\u2026\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff1b\u4f7f\u2026\u2026\u2016enclose vt. \u56f4\u4f4f
15\u3001fore- \u524d\u2016forehead n. \u524d\u989d
16\u3001i-, il-, im-, in- \u4e0d \u2016indifferent a. \u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u7684
17\u3001im-, il- \u5728\u2026\u2026\u4e0a\u2016impose vt. \u628a\u2026\u2026\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e
18\u3001in- \u8fdb\u5165\uff1b\u5411\u2026\u2026\u2016indicate vt. \u8868\u660e\uff0c\u793a\u610f
19\u3001inter- \u5728\u2026\u2026\u4e4b\u95f4\u2016interfere vi. \u5e72\u6d89
20\u3001micro-, mini- \u5c0f \u2016microwave n. \u5fae\u6ce2
21\u3001multi- \u8bb8\u591a\u2016multiple a. \u590d\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u591a\u91cd\u7684
22\u3001non- \u4e0d\u2016nonsense n. \u5e9f\u8bdd
23\u3001ob-, op- \u76f8\u53cd\u2016oppose vt. \u53cd\u5bf9
24\u3001out- \u5411\u5916\uff0c\u51fa\u6765\u2016outlet n. \u51fa\u53e3
25\u3001over- \u8d8a\u8fc7\u2016overlook vt. \u5ffd\u89c6
26\u3001per- \u7a7f\u8fc7\u2016perspective n. \u89c6\u89d2
27\u3001pre- \u5728\u2026\u4e4b\u524d\u2016pregnant a. \u6000\u5b55\u7684
28\u3001pro- \u5411\u524d\u2016promote vt. \u4fc3\u8fdb
29\u3001re- \u5411\u540e\uff1b\u518d\u6b21\u2016recall vt. \u56de\u5fc6\u8d77
30\u3001semi- \u534a\u2016semiconductor n. \u534a\u5bfc\u4f53
31\u3001sub- \u5728\u2026\u2026\u4e0b\u2016subway n. \u5730\u94c1
32\u3001super- \u5728\u2026\u2026\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d85\u7ea7\u7684 \u2016superior a. \u4f18\u4e8e\u2026\u2026\u7684
33\u3001trans- \u6a2a\u8fc7\uff0c\u8d8a\u8fc7\u2016transplant vt. \u79fb\u683d
34\u3001tri- \u4e09\u2016triangle n. \u4e09\u89d2
35\u3001un- \u4e0d\u2016uncover vt. \u63ed\u9732
36\u3001under- \u5728\u2026\u2026\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u4f4e\u4e8e\u2026\u2026\u2016underline vt. \u5728\u2026\u2026\u4e0b\u9762\u5212\u7ebf
37\u3001uni- \u4e00\u4e2a\u2016unique a. \u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u72ec\u7279\u7684
\u4e8c\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u82f1\u8bed\u540e\u7f00
1\u3001\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u7f00\uff1a-ate,-en, -(i)fy, -ish, -ize/ise
2\u3001\u526f\u8bcd\u540e\u7f00\uff1a-ly,-ward(s), -way(s)
3\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u540e\u7f00\uff1a-able/ible,-al/ial,-full, -ic, -ish, -ive, -ly
4\u3001\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u540e\u7f00\uff1a-ist,-man, -er/or, -ee, -ant
5\u3001\u8868\u793a\u201c\u5c0f\u201d\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u540e\u7f00\uff1a-el,-let, -(c)ule
6\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u540d\u8bcd\u540e\u7f00\uff1a-ion,-hood, -ic(s), -ism, -ship, -ty

\u6269\u5c55\u8d44\u6599
\u4e00\u4e2a\u82f1\u8bed\u5355\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u524d\u7f00\uff08prefix\uff09\uff0c\u8bcd\u6839\uff08stem\uff09\u53ca\u540e\u7f00\uff08suffix\uff09\u3002\u5355\u8bcd\u4e2d\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8bcd\u6839\u524d\u9762\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u662f\u524d\u7f00\u3002\u524d\u7f00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002
\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\uff1a\u8bcd\u6839\u3001\u524d\u7f00\u3001\u540e\u7f00\u3001\u82f1\u8bed\u8bcd\u6839-\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1

一.表示否定的前缀
1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。
disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable(不光彩的)disagree(不同意)
2.in-加在形容词,名词之前
incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的)
3.im-加在字母m,b,p之前
impossible(不顺能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻)
4.il-加在以1开头的词前
illegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的,无文化的)illogical(不合逻辑的)
5.ir-加在以r开头的词前
irregular(不稳定的),irresistable(不可抵抗的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的)
6.un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前
unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)unemployment(失业)
7.non-加在形容词,名词前
non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非电的)
8.mis-加在动词、名词之前
misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导),misfortune(不幸)
9.dis-加地动词之前
disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系)
10.de-加在名词,形容词之前
demobilize(遣散;使…复员) decolor (脱色, 漂白)
11.anti-加在名词、形容词之前
anti-Japanese(抗日战争),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidite(解毒药)
12.counter-加在名词、动词前
counterattack(反攻,反击),counteract(抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution(反革命)
二.表示“前before”的前缀
1.pre-
preconception(成见),pre-exsiting(先于……而存在的),pre-selection(选举前的) preface(前言)
2.Ante-
anteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor(先行者,先驱者)
3.Fore-
forehaed(前额),foreground(前景),foreman(工头,领班),foresee(预见,先见),foretell(预言)
4.Pro-
programme(计划),prologue(序幕)
5.Ex-
ex-president(前任总统)ex-wife(前妻)
三.表示“后-post”的前缀
1.post-
post-war(战后),post-position(后置词),postmeridian(下午)
四.表示“低”、“下”的前缀
1.Hypo-
Hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),hypothesis(假设),pypocholoride(次氯酸盐)
2.Infra-
Infra-red(红外线),infrahuman(低于人类的),infrasonic(亚声的,次声的)
3.Sub-
Sub-editou(副编辑),sub-way(地铁),sub-conscious(下意识的),submarine(海下的),subtropical(亚热带的),subtitle(副标题)
五.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀
1.Re-
Refuel(给…加油),retranslate(再译),reinforce(加强),reconstruct(重建),return(返回)
2.Retro-
Retrograde(倒退的),retrospect(回顾)
六.表示“共同”、“和”的前缀
1.Co-
co-exist(共存),co-operate(合作),co-education(男女同校)
七.表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀
1.Inter-
Interchangeble(可互换的),interdipendert(互相依靠的),international(国际的),inter-national(交往)
八. 表示“出”、“超出”的前缀
1.Ec-
Eclipse(蚀),ecstasy(狂想)
2.Extra-
Extraordinary(非凡的),extramural(校外的),extrasensory(超感觉的)
九.表示“超过”的前缀
1.hyper-, preter-, super-, sur-, ultra-
hyper-sensitive(过敏的),preterhuman(超人的)
十.其它的前缀
1.auto-自
automatic(自动的),auto-autobilgraphy(自传)
2.mal-坏,恶
Malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待)
3.Micro-
Microscope(显微镜),microtome(切片机)
4.Tele-远
Telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜)
5.Demi-,semi-hemi-
Semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月)
6.Uni-, mono-(单一, 单独)
Monotone(单调),monologue(独白),uniform(制服)
7.Bi-,di-二
Biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),dichloride(二氯化物)
8.Tri-三
Triangle(三角),tripld(三角架)
9.Multi-多
multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的)
10.Poly –多
Polygon(多角形),polytomic(多原子的)
11.Arch-首领
archbishop(大主教),architect(建筑师)
12.bene-善,好
benefit(利益),benevolence(善意)
13.homo-同
homosexual(同性恋的),homograph(同形异义字)
14.neo新
neo-colonialism(新殖民主义),neolithic(新石器时代的)
15.ortho-正确,直
orthogonal(直角的),orthodox(正统)
16.philo-挚爱
philosopher(哲学家)
17.proto-原始
protohydrogen(初氢),prototype(原型),protoplasm(原生质)
18.pseudo-假的, 伪的, 冒充的
pseudonym(匿名),pseudo-communism(假共产主义)
19.a-,ab-,abs-(只有在t,c之前)从,自
avoid(避免),absent(缺少的),abstain(抑制),abstract(吸引)
20.Apo-,aph-来自
apology(道歉,谢罪),apostle(倡言者,先驱)
21.se-分离
separation(分开),secure(安全的),sedition(煽动叛乱)
22.para-防
parachute(降落伞),
23.omni-所有的,公共的
omnibus(公共汽车),omnipotence(万能)
24.pan-全,泛
Pan-American(全美的),pancean(万灵药),panorama(风景的全貌;万花筒)
25.panto-全
pantisocracy(乌托邦大同世界),pantoscopic(视野广大)
26.dia-通过,借以
diagonal(对角的),diagnosis(诊断),dialogue(对话)
27.Per-通过,彻底,不利
perambrlate(走来走去),perfect极好的
28.trans-通过,横过
transcript(抄本, 副本; 记录),translation(翻译),trxnsparent(透明的),transport(运输),trans-plant(移植)
29.Com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全
comment(评论),compile(编辑),correlation(相互关系),collect(收集),corruption(贪污腐败),collaborate(合作,合著)
30.syn-共同
synonym(同义词),synchronization(同步),syntonic(谐振的),synthetic(人工的,合成的)
31.meta-和,在……之后
metaphor(比喻),metaphysics(形而上学)
32.Cis-在这一边
cisatlantic(大西洋这边的)
33.pen-几乎,相近
peninsular(.住在半岛上的居民,半岛(状)的, 形成半岛的)
34.en-,em-往……里,使……
encamp(扎营),enable(使……能),endear(使……受喜爱),embrace(拥抱,抓住(机会))
35.intro内在
intracardiac(心脏内部的),intramolecular(分子内部的),intracelular(细胞内部的)
36.intro-到……中
introduce(介绍),introspect(反省,内省)
37.dys-坏
dyspepsia(消化不良),dysentry(痢疾)
38.Eu-优,美好
eulogy(颂词),euphony(悦耳的声音)
39.ambi-,amphi-两者
amphibian(两栖的),ambidextrous(两只手都很灵巧的;心怀二意的;非常灵巧的)
40.penta-五
pentagon(五角大楼),pentagram(五角星),pentameter(五步诗句)
41.sex-六
sexangle(六角),sexennial(六年一度的)
42. sept-七
September九月(古罗马的七月),septennial(七年一度)
43.hepta-七
heptab(七个成套之物),heptagon(七角形)
44.octa-,octo,oct八
octagon(八角形),octuple(八倍)October (十月)
45.nona-,ennea-九
nonagon(九角形),ennead(九个一组)
46.deci-,deca-十
decimal(十进位的),decagramme(十克)
47.centi-百
centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣)
48.milli-千
millenias(千年的),millimeter(毫米)
49.Kilo-千
kilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米)
后缀
1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor
2.-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant things)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet
3.-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette 3)女性(female)例词: usherette
4.-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress
5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood
6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship
7.-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful, mouthful,spoonful
8.-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion 2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词: organization,foundation
9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state; action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement
10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal
11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent; amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage, acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage
12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness, usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability
13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism, impressionism,absenteeism,racism
二、动词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify, diversify,simplify
2.-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten
3.-ate意为:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例词:originate, hydrogenate,validate,differentiate
三、形容词后缀:
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ful意为:充满,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful, hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful, fearful
2.-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless
3.-ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly,manly, brotherly,friendly
4.-like意为:像……的(like)例词: childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like
5.-y;-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty,sandy, silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish
6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing; having the quality of)例词:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome
7.-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例词: changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible
8.-ed意为:有……的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed, odd-shaped
9.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical
10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary,imaginary, contradictory
11.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious
12.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词: historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic
13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive, talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive
四、副词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.)
例词:happily, boldly,attentive- ly,strangely
2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s)
3.-wise意为:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(as
far as ...is concerned)例词:weatherwise ,educationwise
有一个原因的单音节词,结尾只有一个单音辅音,在加以元音后缀是,要双写这个辅音.例词:run + er = runner hit + ing = hitting

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