现在分词的用法 现在分词用法
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1.作主语：通常被看作是单数不可数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。Driving fast is very dangerous.Swimming is my favourite sport.Painting is an art.Hearing the bad news made him cry.注意：现在分词作主语时，和动词不定式一样，当它是较长的短语时，常常用it作形式主语，而把现在分词放到句末。如：It's nice spending the holiday at the beach.It's tiring working late.现在分词作主语时的常用句型： a waste of time no good/no useIt +be+ little/hardly any use + V-ing分词 not/hardly worth worth/worthwhile如：It's no use complaining.It's no good smoking a lot.It's a waste of time doing such a thing. no no sense in（没有道理）There +be+ no point in（毫无意义） +V-ing分词 no use in Nothing worse than(没有比...更糟糕的)如：There was no knowing what he was doing.There is no point (in) doing so.这么做，毫无意义。经常跟在it +be后面的形容词，然后接动名词作实际主语的形容词还有：Odd古怪的 Crazy疯狂的 Hopeless无望的 NiceFunny好笑的 Foolish愚蠢的 interesting Tiring累人的better terrible Enjoyable愉快的 Pointless无意义的2作表语：-ing分词作表语多和系动词be连用。注意：如果主语用了不定式，表语也要用不定式；同样地，如果主语用的是-ing分词，表语也应用-ing分词。即，作主语和表语的动词在形式上的一致。如：Seeing is believing=To see is to believe.My favourite sport is swimming.Her only hobby(爱好) is collecting stamps.☆注意：现在分词作表语和动词不定式作表语的区别在于：现在分词表示习惯性动作；而不定式表示一次性的具体动作。如：My plan is to finish my homework before tomorrow.My favourite sport is swimming.3. 作宾语英语中，有相当一部分动词后，只能接-ing分词作宾语。这类动词主要有：Admit承认 advise Anticipate期望做。。 Detest憎恨做。。。Defer推迟 suggest Escape逃避做。。 Quit停止做。。Deny否认 Miss错过 Avoid避免做。。。 Tolerate忍受。。Keep保持做。。。 Appreciate感谢。。。 Practise练习。。 enjoyMind介意 Consider考虑做 Risk冒险做。。。 Excuse原谅如：Excuse me interrupting you.I enjoy reading newspapers.I suggest you should practise speaking English every morning.注意：有一类动词后即可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟-ing分词作宾语。可以把这类动词分为三种类型：1）两种形式意义基本相同。2）两种形式略有差别。3）意义完全不同。A）两种形式意义基本相同的动词有：attempt, begin, cease(停止), continue, intend, start, commence(开始).如：She started to cry/crying.What do you intend to do/doing next?你打算接下来做什么？He continued to work/working.B)两种形式意义略有差别的动词主要有：hate, like, dislike, love, prefer等。如：I like playing basketball.I hate to trouble you.I prefer to go for a walk.I prefer singing songs.C)后跟不定式和-ing分词时，意义完全不同的动词有：remember, forget, regret., try, mean, chance(碰巧),cannot help...等。它们后面跟不定式表示动作还未发生，而跟现在分词表示动作已经发生。如：I regret to do this thing.I regret doing such a thing.Mean to do 表示打算，意欲做某事：而mean doing表示“意味着，意思是”如：I mean/plan to buy a house.Fighting means killing.Chance to do表示碰巧做某事；而chance doing表示冒险做某事、碰运气试着做某事He chanced to meet his old friend in the street.He chanced taking part in that race.Cannot help to do表示不能帮忙做某事;Cannot help doing表示情不自禁，不由得做某事如：I cannot help to do homework for you.I cannot help laughing.4. 作介词宾语除了我们已经谈到的“疑问词+不定式”可以作介词宾语外。通常情况下，只能用-ing分词作介词的宾语。但个别表示“除了。。。之外”的介词如“except, but, than”通常接不定式。如：I can do nothing except/but wait.后面跟-ing分词作介词宾语的短语结构主要有：A)“动词+介词+动名词”I am used to sleeping on the floor.(习惯于。。。)I am looking forward to meeting you.The rain stopped us from working.She objected to marrying him(反对)B)“形容词+介词+-ing分词”I am interested in playing basketball.Tom is responsible for breaking the glass.C)"名词+介词+动名词"There are many ways to do it/of doing it.He didn't go out for fear of raining.-ing分词的惯用搭配有：A)主语+have+fun/pleasure/a good time/trouble/difficulty+(in) doing sth如：We had a lot of fun (in) playing basketball.I have trouble/difficulty(in) understanding him.B)“There is+difficulty/trouble/pleasure+(in) doing sth”如：There is difficulty in passing the exam.There is trouble in learning a foreigh language.C)“be busy+(in) doing sth”I am busy in doing my homework.D) “What about/How about +-ing分词”（征求意见句型。。。怎么样）What/How about having a cup of tea?How about playing basketball with me?E)注意：有一类-ing分词和go搭配，表示“去（干。。。）”，这些分词大多与休闲娱乐的户外活动有关。常用的有：boating Camping野营 Climbing爬山Driving驾车兜风 Dancing跳舞 Hiking徒步旅行Hunting打猎 Fishing垂钓 runningJogging慢跑 Ridding骑马 Sailing航行Shopping购物 Sightseeing观光 Skating滑冰swimming Walking散步 Window shopping逛街如：We went boating yesterday.5.作定语 单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前 a running boy the girl standing there （分词短语作定语，故置于所修饰名词之后）并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句 如： a boy who is running a girl who is standing there注意：某些现在分词作定语时，已不再表示动作，已经从分词变为了形容词词性。如：an interesting story， an exciting match 。这些也可以属于现在分词作定语，但是不能转化为相应的定语从句。但是可以有三级变化（原级、比较级、 最高级）和被某些副词如very修饰。6.作宾语补语只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补 1）感官动词或心理状态的动词：see，hear，watch，feel，notice，observe，find，listen to，look at 2）表示致使意义的动词：make, have，get，catch，leave，keep, let 注意：但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补） eg.I saw him singing now.和 I saw him sing in the house.注意 ：宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。7.作状语分词作状语时的逻辑主语（即分词动作的发出者）一般要与句中主语保持一致。若逻辑主语和分词动作之间为主动，用主动。反之，用被动。A）作时间状语 如：.Walking in the street,I saw him.当我在街上走时，我看到他了可以转化为一个时间状语从句：When/While I was walking in the street,I saw him.注意：当我要强调正在进行的动作时 我们可以在分词前面加上when／while 那么上面的例句就可以改写为When/While walking in the street,I saw him.（其实这是省略了从句中的I was,因为从句的主语和主句一致）。如果句子为：When/While he was walking in the street,I saw him. 当他走在街上，我看到他了。这里，由于从句主语和主句主语不一致，故不可省略。B）作条件状语 如： Working hard,you will succeed. （只要）努力工作，你就会成功。可以转换为if引导的状语从句。即：If you work hard, you will succeed.C)作原因状语 如： Being ill,she stayed at home. （因为）生病，她留在家里 注意 being是常用来作原因状语的 这句可以转换为相应的原因状语从句：Because/As she was ill, she stayed at home.D)作让步状语 如. Having failed many times,he didn't lose heart. 有很多次失败，他没有灰心。=Although he had failed many times, he didn't lose heart.E)作结果状语 如： His friend died,leaving Tom a lot of money, 他的朋友死了，（所以）给汤姆留了很多钱。=His friend died, so he left Tom a lot of money.F)作方式状语 如：Please answer the question using another way. 请用另一种方式回答这个问题G)作伴随状语,表示现在分词的动作正在进行中。如：He sat on the chair, singing songs.They left the shop, satisfied.The worked for a whole day, exhausted.They watching TV in the living room, I was cooking in the kitchen.8. 现在分词的独立主格 （1）独立主格，又叫独立结构，在句中作状语。它没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。（2）独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与主句隔开。 独立主格结构可分为两部分，一部分是名词或代词（主格），起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。如：He entered the room, his nose red with cold.(名词/代词+形容词) He lay on his back, his hands behind his head.(名词/代词+介词短语) He entered the classroom, a book in his hand. He lay on the bed, his eyes closed. A good student, he always studies very hard. Whatever the reason, Bob went aboard finally. （3）这和我们学过的”with的复合结构”是差不多的，只不过它要比独立主格多个with．（4）分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致”不难发现我每次在叙述这句话时都加上”一般”二字 那也就是说也有特殊的时候 就是分词的逻辑主语不和句中主语保持一致 也就是拥有了自己的独自的逻辑主语 那么也就是该用独立主格的时候了．如：Winter coming，it gets colder and colder．冬天来了 天变的越来越冷了 注意这句话，我们不难发现it在句中指代的是”天气” 。那么当我把winter去掉的时候，那在形式上就是纯粹的分词作状语。那么我们也就是默认了coming的动作是由it（天气）发出来的。但是我们不妨翻译一下”当天气来的时候，天气变的越来越冷了．”显然句意不通。那么就是说coming的逻辑主语不是it（天气），也就是coming拥有自己的逻辑主语。那么也就是winter，因为coming的动作是由winter发出的。绛旓細鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝鐢ㄦ硶褰掔撼濡備笅锛1銆鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝鐨涓鑸紡鎵琛ㄧず鐨勫姩浣滀笌涓昏鍔ㄤ綔鍚屾椂鍙戠敓銆2銆佺幇鍦ㄥ垎璇嶇殑瀹屾垚寮忎富瑕佽〃绀哄彂鐢熷湪璋撹鍔ㄤ綔涔嬪墠鐨勫姩浣溿傛敞锛氾紙1锛夌幇鍦ㄥ垎璇嶇殑涓鑸紡鍜屽畬鎴愬紡鍧囧彲琛ㄧず宸插畬鎴愭垨鍏堜簬璋撹鐨勫姩浣滐紝浣嗘湁鍖哄埆锛氱幇鍦ㄥ垎璇嶆墍琛ㄧず鐨勫姩浣滆櫧鐒跺彲浠ュ厛浜庤皳璇姩浣滐紝浣嗕袱鑰呬箣闂存病鏈夋椂闂撮棿闅旓紝鑰岀幇鍦ㄥ垎璇嶇殑瀹屾垚寮...
绛旓細锛堜簲锛 鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝鐨瀹屾垚寮忚〃绀哄畠鍙戠敓鍦ㄤ富鍙ヨ皳璇姩璇嶈〃绀虹殑鍔ㄤ綔涔嬪墠銆備緥濡 锛欻aving finished his homework, he left the classroom.锛堝叚锛 鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝鐨勮鍔ㄥ紡 褰撳彞瀛愮殑涓昏鏄姩浣滅殑鎵垮彈鑰呮椂锛岀敤V-ing 褰㈠紡鐨勮鍔ㄥ紡銆備緥濡傦細The factory being built now is a big one.锛堜竷锛 鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝鐨勫惁瀹氬舰寮忔槸鐢扁...
绛旓細鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝鐨鍩烘湰鐢ㄦ硶: 鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝琛ㄧず涓诲姩鐨勬剰涔;琛ㄧず涓鑸х殑鎴栨鍦ㄨ繘琛岀殑鍔ㄤ綔;鍦ㄨ〃鐜板舰寮忎笂鏈夆滀竴鑸紡鈥濆拰鈥滃畬鎴愬紡鈥濅笌鈥滀富鍔ㄥ紡鈥濆拰鈥滆鍔ㄥ紡鈥濅箣鍒, 1)浣滆〃璇 鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝浣滆〃璇氬父琛ㄧず涓昏鎵鍏锋湁鐨勭壒寰.渚嬪: This story is quite interesting. The journey without you will be boring. 2)浣滃畾璇 鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝鍙互鍗...
绛旓細鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝锛堣嫳璇細presentparticiple锛夛紝鏄鍒嗚瘝鐨涓绉嶏紝鍒嗚瘝鍙堝垎涓虹幇鍦ㄥ垎璇嶅拰杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝銆傜幇鍦ㄥ垎璇嶅湪鍙ュ瓙閲岄潰涓嶈兘鍏呭綋璋撹锛屼絾鑳藉厖褰撳叾瀹冪殑涓浜涙垚鍒嗭紙瀹氳銆佽〃璇佸璇ˉ瓒宠銆佺姸璇級锛屽苟涓斿畠浠叿鏈夊姩璇嶇殑鎬ц川锛堝彲浠ユ湁鑷繁鐨勫璇拰鐘惰锛夛紝鎵浠ュ張鏄被鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勪竴绉嶃傜幇鍦ㄥ垎璇嶅彲浠ヨ〃绀轰富鍔ㄦ垨姝ｅ湪杩涜鐨勫姩浣滐紝杩欏線寰涓...
绛旓細Driving fast is very dangerous.Swimming is my favourite sport.Painting is an art.Hearing the bad news made him cry.娉ㄦ剰:鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝浣滀富璇椂,鍜屽姩璇嶄笉瀹氬紡涓鏍,褰撳畠鏄緝闀跨殑鐭鏃,甯稿父鐢╥t浣滃舰寮忎富璇,鑰屾妸鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝鏀惧埌鍙ユ湯銆傚:It's nice spending the holiday at the beach.It's tiring working late...
绛旓細銆愭敞銆戜互涓嬪嚑绉嶆儏鍐典篃鍙湅浣鍒嗚瘝鐙珛缁撴瀯鐨勬紨鍙鐢ㄦ硶锛1) 鐪佺暐浜嗗垎璇峛eing鐨勭嫭绔嬬粨鏋勩備緥濡傦細The teacher entered the classroom, a bag (being) in his hand. 鑰佸笀鎵嬩笂鎻愮潃涓涓寘璧拌繘浜嗘暀瀹ゃ侶e stopped and turned about, his eyes (being) brightly proud. 浠栧仠涓嬫潵锛屽洓澶勭湅浜嗙湅锛岀溂鐫涢噷鍏呮弧浜...
绛旓細1. 鐜板湪杩涜鏃讹紝缁撴瀯锛 be+doing.渚嬪锛欻e is reading.2.闈炶皳璇姩璇嶅舰寮忓綋涓紝鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝琛ㄧず涓诲姩銆備緥濡傦細 The girl standing there is my sister.3.鍦ㄩ潪璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝褰㈠紡涓紝鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝鍙互鍋氱殑闄や簡璋撹涔嬪鐨勫叾浠栨垚鍒嗐備緥濡傦細浣滀富璇細 leaving you is the most difficult choose I have to make.浣滃璇...
绛旓細4銆佷綔鐘惰 鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝涔熷彲浠ョ敤浣滅姸璇紝鐢ㄦ潵淇グ鍔ㄨ瘝銆佸舰瀹硅瘝鎴栬呭壇璇嶃備緥濡傦細鈥淪he ran out of the door, crying loudly.鈥濓紙濂瑰摥鐫澶у０璺戝嚭浜嗛棬銆傦級杩欓噷锛屸渃rying鈥濈敤鏉ヤ慨楗板姩璇嶁渞an鈥濓紝琛ㄧず濂瑰悓鏃跺摥鐫鍜岃窇鐫绂诲紑浜嗘埧闂淬傛澶栵紝杩樻湁涓浜涘叾浠栫壒娈婃儏鍐典笅鐨鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝鐨勭敤娉锛屼緥濡傦細1銆佸仛涓昏锛氬"Reading...
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