佛教认为什么是无明？ 佛教中说的‘无明’是什么？
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摘自：丁福保佛学大词典
（术语）胜鬘，本业，起信诸经论谓之无始无明，菩提心论谓之无始间隔，生死流转之根本惑体也。平等法界之理不达，妄隔平等之理性，谓之无明，又曰间隔。是闇惑之心，体无慧明，故曰无明，闇惑之心，隔离理性，故名间隔。依此无明之间隔而生种种之烦恼，作种种之业，受种种之果也。而名之为无始者，有三释：一就因缘生之理而释，二就惑体相依之义而释，三就真实同体之理而释。一就因缘生之理而释者，谓凡一切有为法，乃因缘生，现世之果，由前世之因而生，前世之果，更由前世之因而生，如是推究，更无初始，若有初始，则是无因生之外计，而非佛法，得涅槃经之四柱偈及摄论之文等说而明也（见无始条）。是为大乘论之通说。二就惑体相依之义而释者，谓枝末无明依根本无明，根本无明依真如，是缘起法之自然也。此时无明为惑之根本，无明之先更无为始之惑法，故谓之无始。依此释，则无始之言，即根本之异名，成无明有始之义。依此义，起信论谓为忽然念起名为无明，天台谓之元品无明，起信论之疏家谓之根本无明。曰忽然，曰元品，曰根本，皆为有始之异名也。圆觉经曰：‘云何无明？善男子！一切众生从无始来，种种转倒，犹如迷人，四方易处。由有无始本起无明，为己主宰。一切众生，生无慧目，身心等性皆是无明。’本业经下曰：‘其四住地前更无法起故，故名无始无明住地。’胜鬘经宝窟中末曰：‘无始有二释：一云，无明无有始，故众生无始，波若无底。二云，无明最在初实录有始，但无有一法在此前者，故云无始也。’起信论曰：‘一切众生不名为觉，以从本来念念相续，未曾离念故，说无始无明。’起信论义记下末曰：‘唯此无明为染法之源，最极微细，更无染法能为此本，故云忽然念起也。如璎珞本业经云：四住地前无法起，故名无始无明住地。是则明其无明前无别有法为始起之本，故云无始，即是论忽然义也。此约粗细相依之门，说为无前，亦言忽然。不约时节以说忽然，以起无初故也。’大乘经论所说，多依此义。是为使去妄归真之一种教道，权大乘之义也。三就真妄同体之义而释者，谓真如与无明，乃一法之异名，如水与冰，冰之自性即为水，无明之自性即为真如也，吾等本来为冰，非先为水而后为冰也，如前为水之说，仅为教道之方便耳。起信论曰：‘如来藏无前际故，无明之相亦无有始。’文句私记五曰：‘若言心性本净，为惑所覆，犹教道，且顺权说。（中略）若依实理，心性未净，犹如无始唯冰无水。虽今是冰，则不得云冰不是水。心性亦尔，虽本是无明不得云非三德，是故圆人唯观无始，三道即三德，不同权人却覆方见。’
《 佛学大词典 》的解释比较通俗易懂：
无明：为烦恼之别称。不如实知见之意;即暗昧事物，不通达真理与不能明白理解事相或道理之精神状态。亦即不达、不解、不了，而以愚痴为其自相。泛指无智、愚昧，特指不解佛教道理之世俗认识。
无明，简单通俗地讲，就是不明白真理。无明的反义词就是“开悟”，就是“明心见性”
佛经上说，无明，是一切烦恼的根本。修行人开悟之后，烦恼就会逐渐断除。
你和世界本源之间隔着业障，你看不到世界的本源，这就叫无明。你把业障一点点的清理干净后，你看到了世界本源，你明白了，觉悟了。
无明就是迷失了本心。
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