中英语言文化差异 中英文化差异在语言上的反映
\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u82f1\uff08\u6216\u7f8e\uff09\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u8bef\u4f1a\u3000\u3000Greeting \u4e2d\u7f8e\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\u4e4b\u516d
\u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u89c1\u9762\u6253\u62db\u547c\u65f6\uff0c\u559c\u6b22\u95ee\u201c\u4f60\u5403\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u201d\u201c\u4f60\u53bb\u54ea\u5440\uff1f\u201d
\u3000\u3000\u800c\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u5bf9\u6b64\u90fd\u611f\u5230\u5f88\u602a\u5f02\u3002
\u3000\u3000An American studying in China had an appointment at noon. As he was getting on his bicycle a Chinese friend passed by. "\u5403\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u201dThe young Chinese asked. This, of course, is a common Chinese greeting around meal time and the American merely nodded with a smile, waved goodbye and went off. He realized that his friend\u2019s remark was nothing more than a Chinese way of saying hello or Hi. If the greeting had been put literally into English "Have you eaten yet?" Or \u201cHave you had your lunch? " It would have sounded rather unusual. To Americans, this greeting might mean this: "I haven't either. Come on, let\u2019s go together and get something to eat." or "If you haven\u2019t, I was just going to invite you to my place." In other words, it could indicate an invitation to a meal.
\u3000\u3000Actually , another foreign student who had not been long in China once complained in broken Chinese \u4f60\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8001\u95ee\u6211\u5403\u4e86\u996d\u6ca1\u6709\uff1f\u6211\u6709\u94b1\u3002To his way of thinking, people were concerned that he was not getting his meals properly because of lack of money. Clearly, he was offended. There is a similar Chinese greeting, such as \u201d\u4e0a\u54ea\u513f\u53bb\u554a\uff1f\u201d\u201d\u5230\u54ea\u513f\u53bb\u5566\uff1f\u201d Which if translated literally, would be "Where are yon going?" Or "Where have you been?" The natural reaction of most English-speaking people to this greeting would most likely be "It\u2019s none of your business!"
\u3000\u3000Fortunately, not all greetings sound strange or arouse displeasure. Many are similar, some are merely different. While greetings in many languages often indicate the time of day, there may be inconsistencies within a language. English has Good morning, Good afternoon and Good evening but not Good noon. And Good night is not a greeting at all, but an expression of farewell.
\u3000\u3000greeting \u6253\u62db\u547c
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u5929\u4e2d\u5348\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u6709\u4e2a\u7ea6\u4f1a\u3002\u4ed6\u521a\u8981\u9a91\u4e0a\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u670b\u53cb\u4ece\u65c1\u8fb9\u8d70\u8fc7\uff0c\u95ee\u4ed6\uff1a\u201c\u5403\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u201d\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u5403\u996d\u524d\u540e\u6253\u62db\u547c\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u8bed\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u7b11\u7740\u70b9\u70b9\u5934\uff0c\u6325\u6325\u624b\u8868\u793a\u544a\u522b\uff0c\u5c31\u8d70\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u8bdd\u7b49\u4e8e\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684Hello\u6216Hi\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7167\u5b57\u9762\u8bd1\u6210Have you eaten yet\uff1f\u6216Have you had your lunch\uff1f\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u5f88\u602a\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6253\u62db\u547c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5403\u3002\u8d70\u5427\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u5403\u70b9\u4e1c\u897f\u5427\u3002\u201d\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5403\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u6b63\u8981\u8bf7\u4f60\u5230\u6211\u5bb6\u53bb\u5462\u3002\u201d\uff1b\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6253\u62db\u547c\u6709\u65f6\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9080\u8bf7\u5bf9\u65b9\u53bb\u5403\u996d \u3002
\u3000\u3000\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u521a\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u4e45\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u7ed3\u7ed3\u5df4\u5df4\u5730\u7528\u6c49\u8bed\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8001\u95ee\u6211\u5403\u4e86\u996d\u6ca1\u6709\uff1f\u6211\u6709\u94b1\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u603b\u95ee\u4ed6\u201c\u5403\u996d\u4e86\u5417\u201d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6015\u4ed6\u6ca1\u94b1\u5403\u996d\u3002\u4ed6\u663e\u7136\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u6cd5\u611f\u5230\u751f\u6c14\u3002 \u518d\u5982\uff0c\u6c49\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4e0a\u54ea\u513f\u53bb\u554a\uff1f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5230\u54ea\u513f\u53bb\u5566\uff1f\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u6253\u62db\u547c\u7684\u8bdd\u76f4\u8bd1\u6210\u82f1\u8bed\u5c31\u662fWhere are you going\uff1f\u548cWhere have you been\uff1f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u53e5\u82f1\u8bed\u6765\u6253\u62db\u547c\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8bb2\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u542c\u4e86\u4f1a\u4e0d\u9ad8\u5174\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\uff1aIt' s none of your business! \u4f60\u7ba1\u5f97\u7740\u5417\uff01
\u3000\u3000\u5e78\u800c\uff0c\u6253\u62db\u547c\u7684\u8bdd\u5e76\u4e0d\u90fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u5947\u602a\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u8d77\u5bf9\u65b9\u53cd\u611f\u3002\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6253\u62db\u547c\u7684\u8bdd\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\uff0c\u6253\u62db\u547c\u7684\u8bdd\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\uff0c\u6253\u62db\u547c\u7684\u8bdd\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u6709Good morning, Good afternoon, Good evening \u90fd\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6c49\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u60a8\u597d\u201d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8bf4Good noon\u3002\u800c Good night \uff08\u665a\u5b89\uff1b\u660e\u5929\u89c1\uff1b\u518d\u4f1a\uff09\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u6253\u62db\u547c\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u544a\u522b\u65f6\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u3002
\u4e00\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63d0\u51fa
\u5728Lady Hermits Who Are Down But Not Out\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u7fa4\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u7684\u5b64\u72ec\u800c\u5947\u7279\u7684\u5973\u58eb\u4eec\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u867d\u6d41\u6d6a\u8857\u5934\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u516c\u5f00\u4e5e\u8ba8\uff1b\u751f\u6d3b\u7a77\u56f0\uff0c\u5374\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u8eab\u5c45\u62e5\u6324\u4e0d\u582a\u7684\u95f9\u5e02\uff0c\u5374\u5f62\u5355\u5f71\u53ea\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u8857\u574a\u90bb\u5c45\u5bf9\u5979\u4eec\u6240\u6301\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u65f6\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u53d9\u8ff0\u7684\uff1aIf she chooses your doorway as her place to sleep in the night\uff0cit is as morally hard to turn her away as it is a lost dog.\u5728\u6b64\u4f5c\u8005\u7528\u201c\u4e27\u5bb6\u4e4b\u72ac\u201d\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u8857\u574a\u90bb\u5c45\u5bf9\u5979\u4eec\u62a5\u4ee5\u540c\u60c5\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u8bfb\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u5bf9\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u611f\u5230\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u7f8e\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u72d7\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u597d\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e27\u5bb6\u4e4b\u72ac\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5584\u5f85\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u75db\u6253\u6216\u8d76\u8d70\u3002\u800c\u201c\u4e27\u5bb6\u4e4b\u72ac\u201d\u5219\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u90a3\u4e9b\u5931\u53bb\u9760\u5c71\u3001\u5230\u5904\u4e71\u7a9c\u3001\u65e0\u5904\u6295\u5954\u3001\u4ee4\u4eba\u8ba8\u538c\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e86\u89e3\u82f1\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd9\u4e00\u6587\u5316\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002
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\u4e09\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5dee\u5f02
\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u662f\u6307\u7531\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u9057\u4ea7\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u5404\u5f02\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5386\u53f2\u957f\u6cb3\u4e2d\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e5f\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002
\u5728\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6781\u7aef\u5d07\u62dc\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49(individualism)\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u594b\u6597\uff0c\u5d07\u5c1a\u81ea\u6211\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u4ece\u4e00\u8d2b\u5982\u6d17\u7684\u5b66\u5f92\u5de5\u5230\u5bcc\u7532\u5929\u4e0b\u7684\u94a2\u94c1\u5927\u738b\uff1b\u6797\u80af\u4ece\u5e73\u6c11\u767e\u59d3\u5e73\u6b65\u9752\u4e91\uff0c\u767b\u4e0a\u603b\u7edf\u5b9d\u5ea7\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u90fd\u662f\u666e\u901a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6d25\u6d25\u4e50\u9053\u3001\u68a6\u5bd0\u4ee5\u6c42\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6210\u529f\u5178\u8303\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u63d0\u5021\u4e2a\u4eba\u594b\u6597\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u6210\u529f\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u8bcd\u5178\u4e2d\u4ee5self\u4e3a\u524d\u7f00\u7684\u5408\u6210\u8bcd\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86100\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e3a\u5947\u4e86\u3002\u800c\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5343\u767e\u4e07\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u90fd\u9760\u6709\u9650\u7684\u571f\u5730\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6761\u4ef6\u52a0\u4e0a\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u3001\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u548c\u9053\u6559\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u9053\u5fb7\u89c2\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u628a\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7f6e\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u8981\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u7a81\u51fa\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u8363\u8a89\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u628a\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u8363\u8a89\u5f52\u7ed3\u5230\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u5d07\u9ad8\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u81ea\u8c6a\u611f\u3002
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Dragon\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u72c4\u66f4\u65af\u5728\u300a\u8270\u96be\u65f6\u4e16\u300b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4ee5\u201cDragon\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u65af\u5df4\u585e\u592a\u592a\uff1a\u2026\u2026\u9547\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u8d70\u6765\u8d70\u53bb\u770b\u89c1\u5979\u5750\u5728\u90a3\u513f\uff0c\u5374\u628a\u5979\u770b\u4f5c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u201c\u6bd2\u9f99\u201d(Bank dragon)\u3002
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南京学府翻译
2019年05月30日
中英文化差异随处可见，语言习惯，生活环境，逻辑思维等等都有很多的不同点。
如果在交往时随心所欲，忽略这些文化差异，当你和国外朋友相处时就会很尴尬。
下面这些常见的差异，你有没有遇到过呢？
1.回答提问
中国人对别人的问话，总是以肯定或否定对方的话来确定用“对”或者“不对”。
如：
“我想你不到20岁，对吗？”
“是的，我不到20岁。”或者“不，我已经30岁了。”
英语中，对别人的问话，总是依据事实结果的肯定或否定用“Yes”或者“No”。
如：
“You're not a student，are you?”
“Yes，I am.”或者“No，I am not.”
2.亲属称谓
英语的亲属以家庭为中心，一代人为一个称谓板块，只区别男性、女性，却忽视配偶双方因性别不同而出现的称谓差异。
如：
父母同辈中的称谓：英文“uncle”和“aunt”，而中文要分“伯伯、叔叔、舅舅、姑妈、姨妈”等。
还有，英文中的表示下辈的“nephew和 niece”是不分侄甥的，表示同辈的“cousin”不分堂表、性别。
3.考虑问题的主体
中国人喜欢以对方为中心，考虑对方的情感。
如：
你想买什么？
您想借什么书？
而英语中，往往从自身的角度出发。
如：
Can I help you?
What can I do for you?
4.问候用语
中国人打招呼，一般都以对方处境或动向为思维出发点。
如：
您去哪里？
您是上班还是下班？
而西方人往往认为这些纯属个人私事，不能随便问。所以他们见面打招呼总是说：
Hi／Hello！
Good morning／afternoon／evening／night！
How are you？
It's a lovely day,isn't it?
5.面对恭维
中国人的传统美德是谦虚谨慎，对别人的恭维和夸奖应是推辞。
如：
“您的英语讲得真好。”
“哪里，哪里，一点也不行。”
“菜做得很好吃。”
“过奖，过奖，做得不好，请原谅。”
西方人从来不过分谦虚，对恭维一般表示谢意，表现出一种自强自信的信念。
如：
“You can speak very good French.”
“Thank you.”
“It's a wonderful dish!”
“I am glad you like it.”
所以，要注意当说英语的人称赞你时，千万不要回答：“No，I don't think so.”这种回答在西方人看来是不礼貌的，甚至是虚伪的。
6.接受礼物
中国人收到礼物时，一般是放在一旁，确信客人走后，才迫不及待地拆开。受礼时连声说：
“哎呀，还送礼物干什么？”
“真是不好意思啦。”
“下不为例。”
“让您破费了。”
西方人收到礼物时，一般当着客人的面马上打开，并连声称好：
“Very beautiful!Wow!”
“What a wonderful gift it is!”
“Thank you for your present.”
看完这些差异之后，大家一定要记得相互理解和尊重哟~
喜欢请多关注学府翻译哦~
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