史记·张仪列传 《史记·张仪列传》劝诫方法有哪些？
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\u3000\u3000\u5f20\u4eea\u5df2\u5b66\u800c\u6e38\u8bf4\u8bf8\u4faf\u3002\u5c1d\u4ece\u695a\u76f8\u996e\uff0c\u5df2\u800c\u695a\u76f8\u4ea1\u74a7\uff0c\u95e8\u4e0b\u610f\u5f20\u4eea\uff0c\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u4eea
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\u3000\u3000\u82cf\u79e6\u5df2\u800c\u544a\u5176\u820d\u4eba\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u5f20\u4eea\uff0c\u5929\u4e0b\u8d24\u58eb\uff0c\u543e\u6b86\u5f17\u5982\u4e5f\u3002\u4eca\u543e\u5e78\u5148\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u80fd
\u3000\u3000\u7528\u79e6\u67c4\u8005\uff0c\u72ec\u5f20\u4eea\u53ef\u8033\u3002\u7136\u8d2b\uff0c\u65e0\u56e0\u4ee5\u8fdb\u3002\u543e\u6050\u5176\u4e50\u5c0f\u5229\u800c\u4e0d\u9042\uff0c\u6545\u53ec\u8fb1\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ee5
\u3000\u3000\u6fc0\u5176\u610f\u3002\u5b50\u4e3a\u6211\u9634\u5949\u4e4b\u3002\u201d\u4e43\u8a00\u8d75\u738b\uff0c\u53d1\u91d1\u5e01\u8f66\u9a6c\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u5fae\u968f\u5f20\u4eea\uff0c\u4e0e\u540c\u5bbf\u820d\uff0c
\u3000\u3000\u7a0d\u7a0d\u8fd1\u5c31\u4e4b\uff0c\u5949\u4ee5\u8f66\u9a6c\u91d1\u94b1\uff0c\u6240\u6b32\u7528\uff0c\u4e3a\u53d6\u7ed9\uff0c\u800c\u5f17\u544a\u3002\u5f20\u4eea\u9042\u5f97\u4ee5\u89c1\u79e6\u60e0\u738b\u3002
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\u3000\u3000\u7109\uff0c\u987e\u4e89\u65bc\u620e\u7fdf\uff0c\u53bb\u738b\u4e1a\u8fdc\u77e3\u3002\u201d
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\u3000\u3000\u4e5f\u3002\u6b64\u81e3\u4e4b\u6240\u8c13\u5371\u4e5f\u3002\u4e0d\u5982\u4f10\u8700\u5b8c\u3002\u201d
\u3000\u3000\u60e0\u738b\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u5584\uff0c\u5be1\u4eba\u8bf7\u542c\u5b50\u3002\u201d\u5352\u8d77\u5175\u4f10\u8700\uff0c\u5341\u6708\uff0c\u53d6\u4e4b\uff0c\u9042\u5b9a\u8700\uff0c\u8d2c\u8700\u738b
\u3000\u3000\u66f4\u53f7\u4e3a\u4faf\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u9648\u5e84\u76f8\u8700\u3002\u8700\u65e2\u5c5e\u79e6\uff0c\u79e6\u4ee5\u76ca\u5f4a\uff0c\u5bcc\u539a\uff0c\u8f7b\u8bf8\u4faf\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u79e6\u60e0\u738b\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4f7f\u516c\u5b50\u534e\u4e0e\u5f20\u4eea\u56f4\u84b2\u9633\uff0c\u964d\u4e4b\u3002\u4eea\u56e0\u8a00\u79e6\u590d\u4e0e\u9b4f\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u516c\u5b50\u7e47
\u3000\u3000\u8d28\u65bc\u9b4f\u3002\u4eea\u56e0\u8bf4\u9b4f\u738b\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u79e6\u738b\u4e4b\u9047\u9b4f\u751a\u539a\uff0c\u9b4f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u793c\u3002\u201d\u9b4f\u56e0\u5165\u4e0a\u90e1\u3001\u5c11
\u3000\u3000\u6881\uff0c\u8c22\u79e6\u60e0\u738b\u3002\u60e0\u738b\u4e43\u4ee5\u5f20\u4eea\u4e3a\u76f8\uff0c\u66f4\u540d\u5c11\u6881\u66f0\u590f\u9633\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4eea\u76f8\u79e6\u56db\u5c81\uff0c\u7acb\u60e0\u738b\u4e3a\u738b\u3002\u5c45\u4e00\u5c81\uff0c\u4e3a\u79e6\u5c06\uff0c\u53d6\u9655\u3002\u7b51\u4e0a\u90e1\u585e\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5176\u540e\u4e8c\u5e74\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e0e\u9f50\u3001\u695a\u4e4b\u76f8\u4f1a\u9f67\u6851\u3002\u4e1c\u8fd8\u800c\u514d\u76f8\uff0c\u76f8\u9b4f\u4ee5\u4e3a\u79e6\uff0c\u6b32\u4ee4\u9b4f\u5148\u4e8b
\u3000\u3000\u79e6\u800c\u8bf8\u4faf\u6548\u4e4b\u3002\u9b4f\u738b\u4e0d\u80af\u542c\u4eea\u3002\u79e6\u738b\u6012\uff0c\u4f10\u53d6\u9b4f\u4e4b\u66f2\u6c83\u3001\u5e73\u5468\uff0c\u590d\u9634\u539a\u5f20\u4eea\u76ca\u751a\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5f20\u4eea\u60ed\uff0c\u65e0\u4ee5\u5f52\u62a5\u3002\u7559\u9b4f\u56db\u5c81\u800c\u9b4f\u8944\u738b\u5352\uff0c\u54c0\u738b\u7acb\u3002\u5f20\u4eea\u590d\u8bf4\u54c0\u738b\uff0c\u54c0\u738b\u4e0d\u542c\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u65bc\u662f\u5f20\u4eea\u9634\u4ee4\u79e6\u4f10\u9b4f\u3002\u9b4f\u4e0e\u79e6\u6218\uff0c\u8d25\u3002
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\u3000\u3000\u8005\u3002
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楚怀王十六年，秦国打算攻打齐国，然而楚国与齐国很要好。秦惠王很担忧这一点，于是他便宣布免去张仪宰相之职，派张仪去南边的楚国见楚王。张仪对楚王说：“我国国君所有最喜欢的人，没有谁在你大王之先；而我张仪所有的最情愿做其门下使役的主子，也没有谁在你大王之先；我国国君所有最厌恶的人，没有谁在齐王之先；而我张仪所有最恨的人，也没有谁在齐王之先。但是大王你却与齐国和好，这样便使得我国国君不肯侍奉你，因而叫我也不好来做你门下的使役。倘若你听我张仪的，闭关而拒绝与齐往来，现在就可派使臣跟随我去西边取回以前秦国从楚国分去的商於那六百里的地方。这样一来，那么齐国就弱了。对于楚国来说，北边削弱了齐国；西边对秦有恩德；楚国又暗地里得到商於之地，从而使楚国富裕起来、这是用一计而得三利的事情呀！”楚怀王听了十分高兴，就把相印也拿出来给了张仪。还天天给张仪置办酒宴，并宣告：我又得到了我的商於之地。众臣都来庆贺，惟独陈轸一人来吊丧。楚怀王问：“这是为什么？”陈轸回答道：“秦国之所以要注重你，是因为你有齐为伴。目前商於之地还未到手，却先断绝了与齐国的交情，这是使楚国自己孤立自己。那秦国又怎么会再看重一个孤立之国呀？他必然轻视楚国了。如果我们楚国要秦先拿出地方，然后楚才与齐绝交，那是秦国的计谋所不许的；如楚先与齐绝交，然后再去问秦国要地，那必然被张仪所欺骗。被张仪欺骗，那大王你必然怨恨秦国。怨恨秦国，那就是在楚的西边惹起了秦国的祸患；北边又与齐国断绝了交情。如果西边起了秦患，北边又与齐绝交，那韩、魏两国的兵必然来伐楚。所以我来吊丧。”楚怀王不听，还派一位将军去西边接受封地。
张仪到了秦国，假装喝醉了酒，从车上摔下，自称有病，一连三个月都不出门，楚国终究不可能得到秦地。楚怀王还说：“张仪莫非认为我与齐绝交还未完全彻底么？”使派了一位勇士宋遗到北边去侮辱齐国。齐王大怒，折断了楚国的信物符，并与秦国合符和好。秦、齐相好了，张仪才出来对楚将说：“你为什么不去接受封地呢？从某地到某地纵横六里。”楚将说：“我所奉命收取的是六百里，没有听说六里。”楚将立即回到楚国，向怀王禀报。怀王大怒，便调兵遣将打算攻伐秦国。陈轸又说：“这时去讨伐秦国不是好计策。还不如去贿赂秦国，送给他一座大城市，与秦合力攻齐。这就是说，我们在秦国失掉的，可从齐国拿回来补偿，这样我们楚国才可以保全。现在你大王已与齐国绝交，然而又去责怪秦国欺骗了你，这是我国撮合了秦国和齐国的邦交，并引来天下之兵对我国的讨伐，如此一来，我们楚国必然要受到极大的损伤。”楚怀王不听陈轸的进谏，便与秦国绝交。
备注：以下是古文原文
怀王十六年，秦欲伐齐，而楚与齐从亲。秦惠王患之，乃宣言张仪免相，使张仪南见楚王。谓楚王曰：“敝邑之王所甚说者，无先大王，虽仪之所甚愿为门阑之厮者，亦无先大王；敝邑之王所甚憎者，无先齐王，虽仪之所甚憎者，亦无先齐王。而大王和之，是以敝邑之王不得事王，而令仪亦不得为门阑之厮也。王为仪闭关而绝齐，今使使者从仪西取故秦所分楚商於之地方六百里。如是，则齐弱矣。是北弱齐，西德于秦，私商於以为富。此一计而三利俱至也。”
怀王大悦，乃置相玺于张仪。日与置酒，宣言吾复得吾商於之地，群臣皆贺，而陈轸独吊。怀王曰：“何故？”陈轸对曰：“秦之所为重王者，以王之有齐也。今地未可得，而齐交先绝，是楚孤也。夫秦又何重孤国哉？必轻楚矣！且先出地而后绝齐，则秦计不为；先绝齐而后责地，则必见欺于张仪；见欺于张仪，则王必怨之；怨之，是西起秦患，北绝齐交。西起秦患，北绝齐交，则两国之兵必至。故臣吊。”楚王弗听，因使一将军西受封地。
张仪至秦，佯醉，坠车，称病不出三月，地不可得。楚王曰：“仪以吾绝齐为尚薄邪？”乃使勇士宋遗北辱齐王，齐王大怒，折楚符而合于秦。秦齐交合，张仪乃起朝，谓楚将军曰：“子何不受地？从某至某广袤六里。”楚将军曰：“臣之所以见命者六百里，不闻六里。”即以归报怀王，怀王大怒，兴师将伐秦。陈轸又曰：“伐秦非计也，不如因赂之一名都，与之伐齐，是我亡于秦，取偿于齐也，吾国尚可全。今王已绝于齐，而责欺于秦，是吾合齐、秦之交而来天下之兵也，国必大伤矣！”楚王不听，遂绝和于秦。
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