列举虚拟语气时态的所有情况 求助虚拟语气各种情况的例句举例和解析~
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If he were free, he would help us. \u8981\u662f\u4ed6\u6709\u7a7a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u3002
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If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. \u6211\u5982\u679c\u770b\u8fc7\u8fd9\u573a\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u628a\u7535\u5f71\u5185\u5bb9\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u4e86
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If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.
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\u6216\uff0cif he came here...
if he should come here....
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If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.
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If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now.
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=if she were here,she would agree with us
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The teacher advised that we \uff08should\uff09 make good use of every minute here.
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第一节：if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。
一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断
1、可以把条件句分为两类：
1).真实条件句（Sentences of Real Condition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。例如：If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。
2).虚拟条件句（Sentences of Unreal Condition）：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。例如：If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。
2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。
3、“后退一步法”
后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是：
①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。
②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。
③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。4、注意事项
①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。
②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。 二、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法：
（一）、表示与现在事实相反的情况。其句子结构为：
从句：if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ……
主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ……
例：If I were you, I would go with him.
如果天气好，我去那儿。（事实天气不好）
（二）、表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。其句子结构为：
从句：If + 主语+ had +过去完成式动词+ ……
主句：主语+ would (should, could, might) + have +过去完成式动词+……
（三）、表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(对将来的事实实现的可能性不大)。其句子结构为：
从句：If + 主语+ should (或were) + 动词原形+……
主句：主语+ would (could, should, might) + 动词原形+……
三、混合条件句----主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气
有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如：
1. 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
2. 从句表示将来，主句表示过去：
If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, Iwould have gone to see the film with you last night.
3.从句表示过去，主句表示将来：
If we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do theexperiment next week.
4.从句表示将来，主句表示现在：
If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.
5.从句表示过去，主句表示现在。
If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
6.从句表示现在，主句表示过去
If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）
7.从句表示过去，主句表示过去和现在
If you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.
假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。） 四、含蓄条件句
非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况；
1. 条件暗含在短语中。如：What would I have done without you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢？(条件暗含在分词短语without you中)
2. 条件暗含在上下文中。如：You might stay her forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if you wanted to)
3. 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。
五、条件从句中省略if 采用倒装语序的情况
1、在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。
例如：原句：If she were younger, she would do it.
去If：Were she younger, she would do it. (把动词were移到主语she的前面)
2、如果虚拟条件句中有were, had或should时，把它们放在if的位置上；但是如果条件句中没有were, had或should不能用倒装。例如：Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do? 要是明天下雨的话，我们怎么办呢？3、在“开放式条件句”(open conditional clause)和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的。在这种情况下，如果if省略，动词be与主语的位置要倒装。如：If any person be guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪，法院有权起诉。)
Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.
六、有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个：
1. I could help you. (只有主句）
2. If I had time. (只有从句）
3. She should have come to the meeting. (只有主句)
4. If he had much more money. (只有从句)第二节：其他形式的条件句中的虚拟语气
一、用“without/but for/in the absence of ”表示“要不是”，“如果没有”（相当于if it were not
for…）表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。（也可用陈述语气）
二、由“providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order
that”引导的条件从句或目的从句，根据情况，可用虚拟语气。（有时也可用陈述语气）
They are willing surrender provided they are given free passage.三、用without / but for / in the absence of 表示"要不是"、"如果没有"，表示条件虚拟句：Without air, nothing could live.要是没有空气，什么也不能生存。
其他几种情况下的虚拟语气
第一节：虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用
虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中，谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同
1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如：He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.他感到仿佛唯独他要对发生的一切负责。
2. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。如：The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.（用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实）
3.表示与将来事实相反:They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would+动词原形，表示与将来事实相反)
第二节：虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句中
在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由should ＋动词原形构成，should也可省略。
例如：He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again．他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。
第三节：介词短语表示虚拟
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语来表示，或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来。如but for, but that…, in case of, otherwise, supposing, under more favourable condition, without 等表示让步假设。
He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. (他刻苦工作，不然他就失败了。)
第四节：虚拟语气用在It is（about ／high）time ＋that定语从句中
在It is（about／high）time ＋that定语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“该做……的时候了”，其动词形式用一般过去时或should ＋动词原形。
第五节：在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气
谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式(谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同).
⑴、If only he didn’t drive so fast! (现在)
⑵、If only she had asked someone’s advice.(过去)
⑶、If only the rain would stop.(将来)
虚拟语气从句中should可以省略的情况
1. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的动词后的从句（宾语从句）里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如：
advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine,
grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose,
request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote.
常考到的是: suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.
如：His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.
2. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的名词后的从句（表语从句，同位语从句）里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如：
advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand,
determination, indication, insistence, order,
preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.
3. 在It is/was +形容词（或名词）后的that 从句中用should的结构, should 可以省略.
句型结构如：It is suggested / important / demanded / necessary / a pity /…+ that…
It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
这类形容词常见的有: advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial,
desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要),
impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary,
obligatory, possible, preferable, probable,
recommended, urgent, vital etc.
4. 在lest 和for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)从句中用should, should 可以省略.
虚拟语气
有些条件句是可能实现的,称为真实条件句. 虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式,用来表达说话人的意愿.请求,设想,等未能或不可能实现的事实,或说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况.做这类题时首先要弄清楚虚拟语气的各种句型,即由if引导的虚拟条件句,省略if的倒装形式,可跟虚拟语气的宾语从句,同位语从句,表语从句的句型,以及表示祝愿或感叹的句子和由without, but for等介词引导的短语或句子.
四级对虚拟语气的测试主要涉及以下方面:
1). 主语从句,同位语从句中虚拟语气的用法.
2). 宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法,尤其是wish 虚拟语气结构的用法.
3). If条件句中虚拟语气的用法,应特别注意省略if的倒装结构是考试的重点.
4). would rather 等结构中虚拟语气的用法.
5). if only结构中虚拟语气的用法.
6). But, or, otherwise 等含蓄条件句的用法.
7). It’s time (that) 等结构中虚拟语气的用法.
1. 虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的运用
(1)虚拟语气现在时. 用以表示与现在事实相反的假设或现在实现可能性不大的情况.
条件从句
主句
动词过去式(be多用were)
Would/should/could/might + 动词原形
Eg. If I were a bird, I would fly to you.
If it were not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position.
(2) 虚拟语气过去式. 表示与过去事实完全相反的假设.
条件从句
主句
had + 过去分词
would/should/could/might + have +过去分词
Eg. If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.
If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come.
(3)虚拟语气将来式. 表与将来情形相反的假设或极少有可能实现的情况.
条件从句
主句
动词过去式或should +动词原形或were to +动词原形
would/should/could/might +动词原形
Eg. If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him some questions.
If there should be no air, there would be no living things.
◆ 书面语中,上述(1),(2),(3)三种时态的虚拟句中,如果从句里含有should, had, were或其他助动词,则可将从属连词if省去,将助动词.情态动词.be或have放在句首形成部分倒装.
Eg. Were he in your position, he’d have done the same.
Had I had time, I would have done that yesterday.
Should he come tomorrow, I should give him the dictionary.
(1) 错综时间虚拟句
通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式. P 116, 2
Eg. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)
If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在).
(2) 含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,二是暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语来表示.
Eg. But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully.
The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy.
I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer.
(3) 虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用.
A) 在wish, suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, recommend, require, decide, insist, desire, urge等动词的宾语从句以及would rather /sooner 后要用 “ (should) +动词原形” 来表示愿望,建议, 命令,要求等; 由上述动词派生或转化的名词suggestion, proposal, plan, motion, recommendation, demand, order, desire, request, requirement, insistence, advice, decision , obligatory 义不容辞的, 必须的 等的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式.
Eg.
B) 在It is/was + 某些形容词 + that 从句的句型中,that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气,即 “should + 动词原形”
这些形容词有:
important, necessary, essential, imperative, natural, strange, advisable, desirable, possible, probable, astonishing, surprising, desired, suggested, requested, recommended, ordered, proposed, decided, moved等.
“ should + 动词原形(或完成形式)” 可表示惊奇,遗憾,怀疑,不满等.
ⅰ. 用于expect, believe, think, suspect 等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中.
Eg. I never expected that the new apartment should be so small.
ⅱ. 用于 “It is a pity, it is a shame, it is no wonder 等 + that” 等结构后的主语从句中.
Eg. It is a pity that he should be so careless.
C) 在由for fear that, in case, lest 等引导的状语从句中,用 “ should + 动词原形” 表示 “惟恐”的意思.
Eg. He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged.
D) 在 “ It is (about/ high ) time + that (从句)” 中,谓语动词常用过去式表表示虚拟语气.
Eg. It is high time that people learnt English.
E) 在 “as if/ as though” 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词与wish的宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.
Eg. He works with such enthusiasm as if he never knew fatigue.
He speaks English as though he were an American.
F) 在 look, seem等动词后的 “as if / as though”从句中,当表示真实情况时,用陈述语气; 否则,用虚拟语气.
Eg. It seems as if they know each other. (真实情况)
It seems as though it were already spring. (虚拟语气)
G) 用在if only 引起的感叹句中.
Eg. If only the driver didn’t drive so fast!
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绛旓細4) 铏氭嫙璇皵鐢ㄥ湪鐘惰浠庡彞涓傝櫄鎷熻姘旀渶澶氬湴鐢ㄥ湪琛ㄧず鏉′欢鐨勭姸璇粠鍙ュ拰琛ㄧず缁撴灉鐨勪富鍙ヤ腑銆傚湪琛ㄧず涓庝簨瀹炵浉鍙嶇殑铏氭嫙璇皵鏃讹紝鍔ㄨ瘝鏈変笁绉鏃舵褰㈠紡锛屽嵆鐜板湪锛岃繃鍘诲拰灏嗘潵銆備笌鐜板湪浜嬪疄鐩稿弽鐨勶細鏉′欢浠庡彞 缁撴灉浠庡彞 If I (we,you,he,they)+ 鍔ㄨ瘝杩囧幓寮.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 鍔ㄨ瘝...
绛旓細4) 铏氭嫙璇皵鐢ㄥ湪鐘惰浠庡彞涓傝櫄鎷熻姘旀渶澶氬湴鐢ㄥ湪琛ㄧず鏉′欢鐨勭姸璇粠鍙ュ拰琛ㄧず缁撴灉鐨勪粠鍙ヤ腑銆傚湪琛ㄧず涓庝簨瀹炵浉鍙嶇殑铏氭嫙璇皵鏃讹紝鍔ㄨ瘝鏈変笁绉鏃舵褰㈠紡锛屽嵆鐜板湪銆佽繃鍘诲拰灏嗘潵銆侫锛庝笌鐜板湪浜嬪疄鐩稿弽鐨勶細 If I (we,you,he,they)+ 鍔ㄨ瘝杩囧幓寮.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 鍔ㄨ瘝鍘熷舰銆 He (...
绛旓細閫鏃舵锛氱湡瀹璇皵涓殑鐜板湪鏃跺彉鎴愯繃鍘绘椂锛岃繃鍘绘椂鍙樻垚杩囧幓瀹屾垚鏃讹紝灏嗘潵鏃跺彉鎴愯繃鍘诲皢鏉ユ椂 1锛庢潯浠跺彞涓細 If it were not for鈥︼紱If it hadn鈥檛 been for鈥﹁繖涓ょ鍙ュ瀷琛ㄧず鈥滆鏄病鏈夆濓紝鐩稿綋浜巄ut for If it had not been for the PLA man, he would not be studying English now.&#...
