高中英语中的非谓语动词的语法有？ 高中英语非谓语动词讲解
\u9ad8\u4e2d\u82f1\u8bed\u975e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u8bb2\u89e3\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f\u9ad8\u4e2d\u82f1\u8bed\u5408\u96c6\u767e\u5ea6\u7f51\u76d8\u4e0b\u8f7d
\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttps://pan.baidu.com/s/1znmI8mJTas01m1m03zCRfQ
?pwd=1234
\u63d0\u53d6\u7801\uff1a1234
\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u9ad8\u4e2d\u82f1\u8bed\u4f18\u8d28\u8d44\u6599\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u8bd5\u9898\u8bd5\u5377\u3001\u8bfe\u4ef6\u3001\u6559\u6750\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u3001\u5404\u5927\u540d\u5e08\u7f51\u6821\u5408\u96c6\u3002
\u4e00\u3001\u975e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u79cd\u7c7b\u53ca\u53e5\u6cd5\u529f\u80fd
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u6982\u8ff0\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u53e5\u5b50\u8c13\u8bed\uff0c\u800c\u5177\u6709\u9664\u8c13\u8bed\u5916\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u6cd5\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u975e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u975e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u6709\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff08the Infinitive\uff09\uff1b\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\uff08the Gerund\uff09\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\uff08the Present Participle\uff09\uff1b\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff08the Past Participle\uff09\u3002
1\uff0e\u975e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u70b9\u6709\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u5982\u679c\u662f\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u90fd\u53ef\u4e0e\u5bbe\u8bed\u8fde\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u3000\u3000 They built a garden.
\u3000\u3000They suggested building a garden.
\uff082\uff09\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u72b6\u8bed\u4fee\u9970\uff1a
\u3000\u3000The suit fits him very well.
\u3000\u3000The suit used to fit him very well.
\uff083\uff09\u90fd\u6709\u4e3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u88ab\u52a8, \u201c\u4f53\u201d\u5f0f\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u5f0f\uff1b\u8fdb\u884c\u5f0f\uff1b\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\uff09\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u3000\u3000He was punished by his parents.\uff08\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\uff09
\u3000\u3000He avoided being punished by his parents.\uff08\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u5f0f\uff09
\u3000\u3000We have written the composition.\uff08\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff09
\u3000\u3000Having written the composition, we handed it in.\uff08\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\uff09
\uff084\uff09\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed
\u3000\u3000They started the work at once.\uff08\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed\uff09
\u3000\u3000The boss ordered them to start the work.\uff08\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed\uff09
\u3000\u3000We are League members.\uff08\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\uff09
\u3000\u3000We being League member, the work was well done.
\uff08\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed\uff09
2\u3001\u975e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u6709\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u975e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u4f5c\u7528\uff08\u5982\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u548c\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed\u3001\u5bbe\u8bed\u3001\u8868\u8bed\u3002
\uff082\uff09\u975e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u4f5c\u7528\uff08\u5982\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u548c\u5206\u8bcd\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u505a\u5b9a\u8bed\u3001\u8868\u8bed\u6216\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\u3002
\uff083\uff09\u975e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u526f\u8bcd\u4f5c\u7528\uff08\u5982\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u548c\u5206\u8bcd\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed\u3002
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u975e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u529f\u80fd\uff1a
\u4e8c\u3001\u975e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff1a\uff08to\uff09+do\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u3001\u526f\u8bcd\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002
1\uff0e\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\uff08\u4ee5\u52a8\u8bcdwrite\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff09
\u5426\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff1anot + (to) do
\uff081\uff09\u4e00\u822c\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5f0f\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e0e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u52a8\u4f5c\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u6216\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c
\u3000\u3000 \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
\uff082\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u5f0f\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e0e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u52a8\u4f5c\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
\uff083\uff09\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2\uff0e\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u529f\u80fd\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\uff1a
\u3000\u3000 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
\u3000\u3000 To lose your heart means failure.
\u3000\u3000 \u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u77ed\u8bed\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u7528it\u4f5c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u4e24\u53e5\u53ef\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a
\u3000\u3000 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
\u3000\u3000 It means failure to lose your heart.
\uff082\uff09\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed\uff1a
\u3000\u3000 Her job is to clean the hall.
\u3000\u3000 He appears to have caught a cold.
\uff083\uff09\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u5e38\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u505a\u5bbe\u8bed\u8fde\u7528\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u6709\uff1awant, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff08\u5bbe\u8bed\uff09\u540e\u9762\u6709\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\uff0c\u5219\u7528it\u4f5c\u5f62\u5f0f\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\uff08\u4e0d
\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff09\u540e\u7f6e\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
\u3000\u3000 \u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4e5f\u53ef\u5145\u5f53\u4ecb\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u5982\uff1a
\u3000\u3000 I have no choice but to stay here.
\u3000\u3000 He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
\u3000\u3000 \u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u524d\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u4e0e\u7591\u95ee\u8bcd\u8fde\u7528\uff0c\u5982\uff1a
\u3000\u3000 He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
\uff084\uff09\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\uff1a
\u3000\u3000 \u5728\u590d\u5408\u5bbe\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u53ef\u5145\u5f53\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u52a8\u8bcd\u5e38\u8ddf\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u5408\u5bbe\u8bed\uff1awant, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
\u3000\u3000 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ecb\u8bcd\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e0e\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u5408\u5bbe\u8bed\u8fde\u7528\uff0c\u5982\uff1a
\u3000\u3000 With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema\uff0e
\u3000\u3000\u6709\u4e9b\u52a8\u8bcd\u5982make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have\u7b49\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5e26\u6709to\u7684\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u8fde\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u6539\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u8981\u52a0to, \u5982\uff1a
\u3000\u3000 I saw him cross the road.
\u3000\u3000 He was seen to cross the road.
\uff085\uff09\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed\uff1a
\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u6240\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u4ee3\u8bcd\u540e\u3002\u4e0e\u6240\u4fee\u9970\u540d\u8bcd\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a
\u2460\u52a8\u5bbe\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a
\u3000I have a meeting to attend.
\u3000\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5730\u70b9\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u7b49\uff0c\u5e94\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\uff1a
\u3000He found a good house to live in.
\u3000The child has nothing to worry about.
\u3000What did you open it with?
\u3000\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u4fee\u9970time, place, way\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff1a
\u3000He has no place to live.
\u3000This is the best way to work out this problem.
\u3000\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u6240\u4fee\u9970\u540d\u8bcd\u662f\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u52a8\u4f5c\u627f\u53d7\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u53ef\u7528\u4e3b\u52a8\u5f0f\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u88ab\u52a8\u5f0f\uff1a
\u3000Have you got anything to send?
\u3000Have you got anything to be sent?
\u2461\u8bf4\u660e\u6240\u4fee\u9970\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a
\u3000We have made a plan to finish the work.
\u2462\u88ab\u4fee\u9970\u540d\u8bcd\u662f\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed\uff1a
\u3000He is the first to get here.
\uff086\uff09\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed\uff1a
\u2460\u8868\u76ee\u7684\uff1a
\u3000He worked day and night to get the money.
\u3000She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
\u3000\u6ce8\u610f\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u653e\u53e5\u9996\u65f6\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e0e\u53e5\u5b50\u4e3b\u8bed\u8981\u4e00\u81f4\uff1a
\u3000wrong\uff1aTo save money, every means has been tried.
\u3000right\uff1aTo save money, he has tried every means.
\u3000wrong\uff1aTo learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
\u3000right\uff1aTo learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
\u2461\u8868\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a
\u3000He arrived late to find the train gone.
\u3000\u5e38\u7528only\u653e\u5728\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u524d\u8868\u793a\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a
\u3000I visited him only to find him out.
\u2462\u8868\u539f\u56e0\uff1a
\u3000They were very sad to hear the news.
\u2463\u8868\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a
\u3000It's too dark for us to see anything.
\u3000The question is simple for him to answer.
\uff087\uff09\u4f5c\u72ec\u7acb\u6210\u5206\uff1a
\u3000\u3000 To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
\uff088\uff09\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7684\u7701\u7565\uff1a\u4fdd\u7559to\u7701\u7565do\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002
\u3000\u3000 If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
\uff089\uff09\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7684\u5e76\u5217\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u53ef\u7701\u7565to\u3002
\u3000\u3000 He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\uff1a
\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u65e2\u5177\u6709\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u529f\u80fd\u3002
1\uff0e\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a
\u5426\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff1anot + \u52a8\u540d\u8bcd
\uff081\uff09\u4e00\u822c\u5f0f\uff1a
Seeing is believing. \u773c\u89c1\u4e3a\u5b9e\u3002
\uff082\uff09\u88ab\u52a8\u5f0f\uff1a
He came to the party without being invited\uff0e\u4ed6\u672a\u88ab\u9080\u8bf7\u5c31\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u665a\u4f1a\u3002
\uff083\uff09\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\uff1a
We remembered having seen the film. \u6211\u4eec\u8bb0\u5f97\u770b\u8fc7\u8fd9\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\u3002
\uff084\uff09\u5b8c\u6210\u88ab\u52a8\u5f0f\uff1a
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
\u4ed6\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e94\u5c81\u65f6\u66fe\u88ab\u5e26\u5230\u5e7f\u5dde\u53bb\u8fc7\u3002
\uff085\uff09\u5426\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff1anot + \u52a8\u540d\u8bcd
I regret not following his advice. \u6211\u540e\u6094\u6ca1\u542c\u4ed6\u7684\u529d\u544a\u3002
\uff086\uff09\u590d\u5408\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u7269\u4e3b\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff08\u6216\u540d\u8bcd\u6240\u6709\u683c\uff09+ \u52a8\u540d\u8bcd
He suggested our trying it once again. \u4ed6\u5efa\u8bae\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u8bd5\u4e00\u6b21\u3002
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
\u4ed6\u4e0d\u61c2\u82f1\u8bed\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5e26\u6765\u8bb8\u591a\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002
2\uff0e\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u529f\u80fd\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\uff1a
Reading aloud is very helpful. \u6717\u8bfb\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u597d\u5904\u7684\u3002
Collecting stamps is interesting. \u96c6\u90ae\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u3002
\u5f53\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u65f6\u5e38\u7528it\u4f5c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8bed\u3002
It's no use quarrelling.\u4e89\u5435\u662f\u6ca1\u7528\u7684\u3002
\uff082\uff09\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed\uff1a
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
\u5728\u8682\u8681\u738b\u56fd\uff0c\u8681\u540e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u4ea7\u5375\u3002
\uff083\uff09\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\uff1a
They haven't finished building the dam. \u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5efa\u597d\u5927\u575d\u3002
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u963b\u6b62\u7a7a\u6c14\u88ab\u6c61\u67d3\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u6ce8\u610f\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u65e2\u53ef\u4f5c\u52a8\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u4ecb\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u53e5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u82e5\u8ddf\u6709\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\uff0c\u5219\u5e38\u7528\u5f62\u5f0f\u5bbe\u8bedit\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
We found it no good making fun of others. \u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u53d6\u7b11\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e0d\u597d\u3002
\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5982\u4e0b\u52a8\u8bcd\u53ca\u77ed\u8bed\u53ea\u8ddf\u52a8\u540d\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\uff1a
\u3000\u3000enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid\uff08\u907f\u514d\uff09, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit\uff08\u627f\u8ba4\uff09\uff0cdeny\uff08\u5426\u8ba4\uff09, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk\uff08\u5192\u9669\uff09, appreciate\uff08\u611f\u6fc0\uff09, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help\uff08\u60c5\u4e0d\u81ea\u7981\u5730\uff09, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent\u2026(from),keep \u2026from, stop\u2026\uff08from\uff09,protect\u2026from, set about, be engaged in, spend\u2026(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
\uff084\uff09\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed\uff1a
He can't walk without a walking-stick. \u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u62d0\u6756\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d70\u8def\u3002
Is there a swimming pool in your school? \u4f60\u4eec\u5b66\u6821\u6709\u6e38\u6cf3\u6c60\u5417\uff1f
\uff085\uff09\u4f5c\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed\uff1a
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. \u90a3\u4e2a\u5c71\u6d1e\uff0c\u4ed6\u85cf\u8eab\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5f88\u79d8\u5bc6\u3002
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged\uff0e
\u4ed6\u6536\u542c\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u65b0\u95fb\u8282\u76ee\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u4ecd\u672a\u6539\u53d8\u3002
\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\uff1a
\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u65e2\u5177\u6709\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u548c\u526f\u8bcd\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u529f\u80fd\u3002
1\u3001\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a
\u5426\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff1anot + \u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd
\uff081\uff09\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\uff1a\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u4e3b\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210
\u3000\u3000 \u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u5728\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5e38\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
They went to the park, singing and talking. \u4ed6\u4eec\u8fb9\u5531\u8fb9\u8bf4\u5411\u516c\u56ed\u8d70\u53bb\u3002
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. \u505a\u5b8c\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u6253\u7bee\u7403\u3002
\uff082\uff09\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8
\u3000\u3000 \u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002
The problem being discussed is very important. \u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
\u88ab\u544a\u8bc9\u4e86\u597d\u51e0\u904d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6dd8\u6c14\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u53c8\u72af\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u3002
2\uff0e\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u529f\u80fd\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed\uff1a\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed\uff0c\u5f53\u5206\u8bcd\u5355\u72ec\u505a\u5b9a\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u6240\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u524d\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5206\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u505a\u5b9a\u8bed
\u3000\u3000 \u653e\u5728\u540d\u8bcd\u540e\u3002
In the following years he worked even harder.
\u5728\u540e\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b66\u4e60\u66f4\u52aa\u529b\u4e86\u3002
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
\u6b63\u4e0e\u8001\u5e08\u8c08\u8bdd\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u73ed\u957f\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\uff1ain the following years\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher\u53ef\u6539\u4e3athe man who is speaking to the teacher.
\uff082\uff09\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed\uff1a
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. \u6b63\u5728\u8fd9\u5bb6\u4e0a\u6f14\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u5f88\u68d2\u3002
The present situation is inspiring. \u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5f62\u52bf\u9f13\u821e\u4eba\u5fc3\u3002
\u3000\u3000be + doing\u65e2\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u73b0\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u505a\u8868\u8bed\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8ebe + doing\u8868\u793a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u800c\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5f81\u65f6\u662f\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcdbe\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u6784\u6210\u7cfb\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
\uff083\uff09\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\uff1a
\u5982\u4e0b\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u53ef\u8ddf\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\uff1a
\u3000\u3000see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? \u4f60\u80fd\u542c\u89c1\u5979\u5728\u9694\u58c1\u5531\u6b4c\u5417\uff1f
He kept the car waiting at the gate. \u4ed6\u8ba9\u5c0f\u6c7d\u8f66\u5728\u95e8\u53e3\u7b49\u7740\u3002
\uff084\uff09\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed\uff1a
\u2460\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\uff1a
\u3000(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
\u3000\u5728\u5de5\u5382\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u5148\u8fdb\u5de5\u4eba\u3002
\u2461\u4f5c\u539f\u56e0\u72b6\u8bed\uff1a
\u3000Being a League member, he is always helping others. \u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u5171\u9752\u56e2\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ecf\u5e38\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002
\u2462\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u72b6\u8bed\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4f34\u968f\uff1a
\u3000He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. \u4ed6\u5446\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u53c8\u64e6\u53c8\u6d17\u3002
\u2463\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u72b6\u8bed\uff1a
\u3000(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
\u3000\u8981\u662f\u6574\u5929\u73a9\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u6d6a\u8d39\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002
\u2464\u4f5c\u7ed3\u679c\u72b6\u8bed\uff1a
\u3000He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. \u4ed6\u628a\u676f\u5b50\u6389\u4e86\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6454\u5f97\u7c89\u788e\u3002
\u2465\u4f5c\u76ee\u7684\u72b6\u8bed\uff1a
\u3000He went swimming the other day. \u51e0\u5929\u524d\u4ed6\u53bb\u6e38\u6cf3\u4e86\u3002
\u2466\u4f5c\u8ba9\u6b65\u72b6\u8bed\uff1a
\u3000Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
\u3000\u867d\u7136\u96e8\u4e0b\u5f97\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e45\u5929\u5c31\u6674\u4e86\u3002
\u2467\u4e0e\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed\u6784\u6210\u72ec\u7acb\u4e3b\u683c\uff1a
\u3000I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard\uff0e
\u3000\u6211\u7b49\u6c7d\u8f66\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u53ea\u9e1f\u843d\u5230\u6211\u5934\u4e0a\u3002
\u3000All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
\u3000\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7968\u5df2\u7ecf\u5356\u5149\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5931\u671b\u5730\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u3002
\u3000Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
\u5982\u679c\u65f6\u95f4\u5141\u8bb8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u505a\u53e6\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002
\u3000\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528with (without) +\u540d\u8bcd\uff08\u4ee3\u8bcd\u5bbe\u683c\uff09+\u5206\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f
\u3000With the lights burning, he fell asleep. \u4ed6\u70b9\u7740\u706f\u7761\u7740\u4e86\u3002
\u2468\u4f5c\u72ec\u7acb\u6210\u5206\uff1a
\u3000udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
\u3000\u4ece\u5916\u8868\u770b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4e2a\u6f14\u5458\u3002
\u3000Generally speaking, girls are more careful. \u4e00\u822c\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u5973\u5b69\u5b50\u66f4\u7ec6\u5fc3\u3002
\uff08\u56db\uff09\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u89c4\u5219\u52a8\u8bcd\u7531\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u52a0\u8bcd\u5c3e-ed\u6784\u6210\u3002\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u8981\u4e00\u4e00\u8bb0\u4f4f\u3002
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u529f\u80fd\uff1a
1\uff0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed\uff1a
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. \u4e0a\u5468\u4e00\u6211\u4eec\u73ed\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u3002
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. \u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u59d4\u5458\u7684\u4eba\u5c06\u51fa\u5e2d\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u6ce8\u610f\u5f53\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u662f\u5355\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u540d\u8bcd\u524d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff0c\u5c31\u653e\u5728\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u540e\u9762\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u505a\u5b9a\u8bed\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u7684\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3002
2\uff0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u8868\u8bed\uff1a
The window is broken. \u7a97\u6237\u7834\u4e86\u3002
They were frightened at the sad sight. \u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u773c\u524d\u60b2\u60e8\u7684\u666f\u8c61\u611f\u5230\u5f88\u5bb3\u6015\u3002
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1abe + \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8868\u793a\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u7cfb\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8868\u793a\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u8bed\u6001\u3002\u533a\u522b\uff1a
The window is broken.\uff08\u7cfb\u8868\uff09
The window was broken by the boy.\uff08\u88ab\u52a8\uff09
\u6709\u4e9b\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u88ab\u52a8\uff0c\u53ea\u8868\u793a\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5982\uff1a
boiled water\uff08\u5f00\u6c34\uff09 fallen leaves\uff08\u843d\u53f6\uff09
newly arrived goods\uff08\u65b0\u5230\u7684\u8d27\uff09 the risen sun\uff08\u5347\u8d77\u7684\u592a\u9633\uff09
the changed world\uff08\u53d8\u4e86\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff09
\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u6709\uff1agone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed\u7b49\u3002
3\uff0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\uff1a
I heard the song sung several times last week.
\u4e0a\u5468\u6211\u542c\u89c1\u8fd9\u9996\u6b4c\u88ab\u5531\u4e86\u597d\u51e0\u6b21\u3002
\u6709\u65f6\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u505awith\u77ed\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u8865\u8db3\u8bed\uff1a
With the work done, they went out to play. \u5de5\u4f5c\u505a\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u51fa\u53bb\u73a9\u53bb\u4e86\u3002
4\uff0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed\uff1a
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
\u53d7\u5230\u90bb\u5c45\u4eec\u7684\u8868\u626c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u9a84\u50b2\u3002\uff08\u8868\u793a\u539f\u56e0\uff09
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
\u4e00\u65e6\u5b83\u88ab\u770b\u89c1\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u5fd8\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002\uff08\u8868\u793a\u65f6\u95f4\uff09
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u4e88\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u80fd\u505a\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u3002\uff08\u8868\u793a\u6761\u4ef6\uff09
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life
语法教学材料:非谓语动词
动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词． (一)不定式
不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“ not to do”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成．
1．不定式的用法：
l)作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用 it作形式主语．例如：
To see is to believe．
It is right to give up smoking．
2)作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用 it作形式宾语．例如：
He wanted to go．
I find it interesting to study work with him.
3)作宾语补足语．例如：
He asked me to do the work with him.
注意 ：在 feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have，let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带 to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带 to．例如
I often hear him sing the song．
He is often heard to sing the song．
注意：不定式动词在介词 but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带 to，否则要带 to．如：
She could do nothing but cry.
What do you like to do besides swim?
I have no choice but to go．
4)作定语．例如：
I have some books for you to read． 注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如：
He is looking for a room to live in．
There is nothing to worry about．
Please give me a knife to cut with．
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是 time，place或 way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去．例如：
He had no money and no place to live.
注②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同．试比较：
A) Have you anything to send?
你有什么东西要寄吗?
(不走式 to send的动作执行者是 you)
B) Have you anything to be sent?
你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式 to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的 me或 someone else)
5)作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件．例如：
I came here to see you．(目的)
We were very excited to hear the news．(原因)
He hurried to the school to find nobody there．(结果)
To look at him, you would like him．(条件)
目的状语还可以用 in order to或 so as to来表示．如：
In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard．
We ran all the way so as not to be late．
不定式也可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语．例如：
I am very glad to hear it．
The question is difficult to answer．
“ too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语．例如：
He is too old to do that．
另外句子中有 enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语．例如：
The room is big enough to hold us．
6)作表语．例如：
My job is to help the patient．
7)作独立成分．例如：
To tell the truth， I don’t agree with you.
8)不定式与疑问词 who，which，when，where，how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等．例如：
He didn’t know what to say.(宾语)
How to solve the problem is very important．(主语)
My question is when to start. (表语)
注意：在与 why连用时，只用于 why或 why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带 to.例如:
Why not have a rest?
9)不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式。多数情况下是容易判别的，但有时的确比较复杂，请注意以-下几点：
A)不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式.
Have you got a key to unlock the door?
(A key unlocks the door．)
B)不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式．
I have got a letter to write．( I write letter．)
He needs a room to live in．( He lives in a room．)
I know what to do．( I do what．)但这句如改为下列形式，不定式就得用被动形式： I know what is to be done.
这是因为 what is to be done是宾语从句，从句中的主语 what是动词 do的动作对象
C)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后者去了 for one或 for people．例如：
He is hard to talk to．( to talk to him．)
The book is difficult to understand.( to understand the book.)
但如果强调句中的受事者时，亦可用不定式被动式，例如：
The handwriting is very difficult to be read.
The box is too heavy to be lifted．
D)在 there十 be的结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式．
There is a lot of work to do.( Somebody has to do the work．)
There is a lot of work to be done． ( The work has to be done.)
请注意下面两个句子的含义是不同的：
There is nothing to do.意为无事可做，感到十分乏味．
There is nothing to be done．意为某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常．
2．不定式的时态
l)不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生，或是在它之后发生．例如：
I saw him go out．
2)如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式．例如：
I am very glad to be working with you．
3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要用完成式．例如:
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
3．不定式的语态
当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。例如： He asked to be sent to work in the countryside． It is possible for our hopes to be realized． (二)动名词
1．动名词由动词十 ing构成;具有动词和名词的性质;在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语．
1)作主语．例如:
Seeing is believing.
Laying eggs is the ant queen’s full- time job.
It is no use arguing with him.
注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作．例如：
Playing with fire is dangerous．(泛指玩火)
To play with fire will be dangerous．(指一具体动作)
但在 It is no use／ good，not any use／ good，useless等后必需用动名词。
2)作表语．例如：
Her job is teaching.
3)作宾语．例如：
He is fond of playing football．
I like swimming.
注① admit，appreciate，avoid，consider, delay, dislike，enjoy，escape, excuse，face，feel. like，finish，forgive，give up, imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist, risk，suggest，can’t help，can’t stand(无法忍受)等动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式．
注② forget，go on，like，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。
I remember doing the exercise. (我记得做过练习．)
I must remember to do it. (我必须记着做这事．)
I tried not to go there．(我没法不去那里．)
I tried doing it again. (我试着又干了一次．)
Stop speaking. (不要讲话。)
He stopped to talk. (他停下来讲话．)
I mean to come early today. (我打算今早些来．)
Missing the train means waiting for another hour．
(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时．)
注③在 allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时，要用动名词形式，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟动词作宾语补足语时，其宾语补足语用带 to的不定式．例如：
We don’t allow smoking here.
We don' t allow students to smoke.
注④动词 need，require，want作“需要”解，其后跟动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名词，或不定式的被动式．这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义．例如：
The window needs( requires，wants) cleaning( to be cleaned)
注⑤在短语 devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，thank you for，excuse me for，be( kept) busy，be worth，have difficulty／ trouble／ problem (in)，have a good／ wonderful／ hard time(in)，there’s no use／good／ need，feel／ look／seem／ like／get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式．例如：
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
注⑥在 love，hate，prefer等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。
但说话人有所指的时候，通常用不定式。
注⑦start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。
注⑧在 should(would) like／ love等后须用不定式。
4)作定语．例如：
He has a reading room.
2．动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格，名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成．在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词．例如:
His coming made me very happy．
Mary’s crying annoyed him.
She didn’t mind his crying．
Is there any hope fo Xiao Wang’s winning．
3．动名词的时态和语态．
l)动名词的时态
动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种，如果动名词的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动作以前发生，用动名词的一般式．例如:
We are interested in playing chess.
His coming will be of great help to us．
如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用动名词的完成时态。例如:
I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.
但是在某些动词或词组后，常用动名词的一般形式，尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的．例如：主语是这个动名词表示的动作的对象时，动名词用被动语态．被动语态由“ being十过去分词”或“ having been十过去分词”构成。后一种一般避免使用．例如：
He likes being helped.
注：在 to be worth doing句型中，动名词 doing表示的是被动意义．例如：
The book is worth reading．(三)分词
1．分词的时态和语态
l)分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式．一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为；完成式(having十过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作．例如：
Being a student，he was interested in books．
2)现在分词有一般式和完成式，且有主动语态和被动语态，当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语态，如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作，就用分词完成式的被动形式．例如：
The question being discussed is important：
过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作，本身有被动的含义，所以只有一般式没有完成式．
2.分词的用法
l)作定语
分词短语做定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词做定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前．例如:
The man standing by the window is our teacher.
注意：现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如：
The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window．
现在分词作定语的差异：
现在分词在句中作定语时，不仅存在前置与后置的区别，而且存在状态、时间与形式上的差异。为了帮助大家分清这些差异，更好地掌握现在分词的用法，现在分别论述如下。
一、状态差异
现在分词作定语明显存在状态差异。一般来讲，前置的现在分词静感强。而后置现在分词动感强。学习时要注意体会这一点。
例：The labouring people are the wisest.
例：The farmers labouring here are not afraid of snakes．
能前置的现在分词为数不太多，常见的大都是已被形容词化了的现在分词。这一点主要表现在有些现在分词前常有程度副词，有些现在分词甚至还有比较等级。
例: I have brought very exciting news to you．
例：This is the most exciting story that I have ever read．
二、时间差异
时间差异指现在分词表示的动作发生的时间差异。有些现在分词作定语时表示正在的动作。这些现在分词若改为定语从句宜用进行时态。
例：Did you tell the children playing there not to make any noise?
noise?
例：The American president visiting China now will return on Saturday.
有些现在分词作定语时则表示经常性动作或现在(或当时)的状态。此类现在分词若改为定语从句宜用一般时态，而不宜用进行时态。若译成汉语也应注意体现这一点。
例：They stayed at a hotel standing by the lake.
三、形式差异
从形式来看，前置现在分词多为单个分词，而后置现在分词多为短语。换句话说，若用现在分词作定语，单个分词要前置，分词短语要后置。但也不能绝对如此，要视情况而定。要是强调动感，即使是单个分词也应后置。
例：Look! The girl singing is Alice and the one dancing is Mary．
从内容来讲，前置现在分词多为不及物动词，没有自己的宾语或状语。后置现在分词可带宾语或状语。有时前置现在分词也可有自己的宾语或状语，不过要置于分词前，且中间要有连词符号。当然，带比较级时除外。
例 Barking dogs seldom bite．
例 The person translating the songs can speak seven languages.
值得说明的是，现在分词的完成式与被动式一般都不能用作前置定语，只能作后置定语，使用时应慎重。
例 We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here．
2)作状语
分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。例如：
Being a student, I must study hard.(原因)
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time．(时间)
The teacher stood there surrounded by the students．(方式) 注：①分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致．
注：②表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词 while或 when引出．
注：③有时“with( without)十名词(或代词宾格)十分词”的结构，表示伴随状况．例如：
He lay half dead，with all his ribs broken． 注：④当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时：分词必须有自己的主语．例如:
Time permitting, I will finish another lesson．
3)作表语．例如：
The news is inspiring.
4)作宾语补足语．例如： We saw the teacher making the experiement. 注意：在 see，hear，watch，feel，observe，have，listen to，notice等动词后，既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可以用不定式构成复合宾语，但两者的含义是有差别的，用现在分词，表示动作正在发生，(即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束)，用不定式表示动作发生了，(即动作全过程结束了)。例如：
I saw the girl getting on the tractor．
He had his clothes washed. (他叫别人洗了衣服)
注意：“ have十宾语十现在分词”表示主体使客体处于某状态或干什么事；“ have十宾语十过去分词”表示动作是别人做的或与主体意志无关
姐，看语法书！写的很详细（我看不老懂呵！
绛旓細鍦鑻辫璇硶涓紝闈炶皳璇姩璇鏄竴绫荤嫭绔嬩簬涓昏锛屼笉鎵胯浇鏃堕棿鎴栦汉绉颁俊鎭殑鐗规畩鍔ㄨ瘝锛屼緥濡 "like" 鎴 "to eat"銆傚畠浠湪鍙ュ瓙涓殑瑙掕壊澶氭牱锛屽涓昏銆佽〃璇佸璇紝鐢氳嚦鏇村鏉傜殑缁撴瀯涓媴浠诲叧閿儴鍒嗐傚姩璇嶄笉瀹氬紡鐨勫姏閲</锛氬姩璇嶄笉瀹氬紡锛屽"To eat a carrot"锛屼互鍏惰涓烘蹇靛厖褰撳彞瀛愮殑涓诲鍔涢噺锛屾湁鏃朵负浜嗕繚鎸佸彞瀛愬钩琛...
绛旓細楂樹腑鑻辫涓潪璋撹褰㈠紡涓鑸槸鎸囷細鍔ㄨ瘝鐨杩囧幓寮忋佸姩璇嶇殑鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝浠ュ強鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勪笉瀹氬紡銆傚彲浠ュ厖褰撻櫎鍙ュ瓙璋撹涔嬪鐨勪换浣曞彞瀛愭垚鍒嗐
绛旓細楂樹腑鑻辫閮ㄥ垎璇硶 涓銆闈炶皳璇姩璇 鈥滈潪璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝鈥濆彲鍒嗕负鍔ㄨ瘝涓嶅畾寮忋佸姩鍚嶈瘝鍜屽垎璇嶃傚畠鍦ㄥ彞瀛愪腑鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ緢澶氾細闄や簡涓嶄綔璋撹澶栵紝瀹冨彲浠ュ厖褰撲富璇佸璇佽〃璇佸畾璇佺姸璇笌澶嶅悎瀹捐(涓昏琛ヨ鎴栧璇ˉ璇)銆傛湁浜涘強鐗╁姩璇嶅悗闈㈡帴涓嶅甫to鐨勪笉瀹氬紡浣滃鍚堝璇傝繖浜涘姩璇嶅綊绾冲涓嬶細涓鎰(feel)锛庝簩鍚(hear锛宭isten to)...
绛旓細涓銆侀潪璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝鍏锋湁鍙岄噸鎬э細1. 鍏锋湁鏈韩鐨勫姩璇嶇壒寰侊細鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝鍙互鐢辨湁鑷繁鐨勫璇紱鍙互鐢辩姸璇潵淇グ锛涙湁鏃舵佸拰璇佺殑鍙樺寲 2. 鍦ㄥ彞瀛愪腑璧风浉褰撲簬鍚嶈瘝銆佸舰瀹硅瘝鎴栧壇璇鐨勮娉浣滅敤 浜屻闈炶皳璇姩璇嶇殑璇嶇被灞炴у強鍏惰娉曞姛鑳 1. 涓嶅畾寮 1锛夊悕璇嶆э紝鍦ㄥ彞瀛愪腑鍙互鐢ㄤ綔涓昏銆佸璇強璇存槑涓昏灞炴х殑琛ㄨ銆備富璇細To ...
绛旓細destroyed by the flooding river鈥濄傞潪璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝鏄鑻辫璇硶涓殑涓涓噸瑕佹蹇碉紝鍖呮嫭鍔ㄨ瘝涓嶅畾寮忋佸姩鍚嶈瘝浠ュ強鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝鍜岃繃鍘诲垎璇嶃傚畠浠彲浠ュ湪鍙ュ瓙涓綔涓昏銆佸璇佽〃璇佸畾璇拰鐘惰绛変笉鍚岀殑鎴愬垎锛岀敤娉曠伒娲伙紝鍔熻兘澶氭牱銆傚湪瀛︿範鑻辫璇硶鏃讹紝鎺屾彙闈炶皳璇姩璇嶇殑鐢ㄦ硶瀵逛簬鎻愰珮璇█琛ㄨ揪鑳藉姏鍜岄槄璇荤悊瑙ｈ兘鍔涘叿鏈夐噸瑕佹剰涔夈
绛旓細绠鍗曟鎷細涓涓彞瀛愪腑锛岄潪璋撹鍙互鍏呭綋鍚庣疆瀹氳锛屼絾鏄悗缃畾璇笉涓瀹氬彧鑳界敱闈炶皳璇厖褰撱傛澶栵紝闈炶皳璇篃鍙互鍏呭綋鍏朵粬鍙ュ瓙鎴愬垎銆傚叿浣撹鏄庯細锛堜竴锛変笉鍚岀偣锛氭蹇典笉鍚屻1. 闈炶皳璇槸鎸囬潪璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝锛岀壒鐐规槸鍙互鍦ㄥ彞瀛愪腑鍏呭綋闄よ皳璇互澶栫殑鍏朵粬鍙ュ瓙鎴愬垎銆闈炶皳璇姩璇嶆湁涓夌锛氫笉瀹氬紡锛坱o+鍔ㄨ瘝鍘熷舰 锛夈佸姩鍚嶈瘝锛堝姩璇...
绛旓細鐩存帴淇グ鍚嶈瘝鐨勬垚鍒嗙О涓哄畾璇紝涓鑸敱褰㈠璇嶆垨鍚嶈瘝鎷呭綋锛屼篃鍙互鍒嗗埆鐢变笉瀹氬紡銆佸垎璇嶆垨鍔ㄥ悕璇嶇瓑闈炶皳璇姩璇鏉ユ媴褰撱傞偅涔堝浣曞尯鍒苟姝ｇ‘浣跨敤闈炶皳璇姩璇嶅憿锛烴ON-FINITES 1. 鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝涓庤繃鍘诲垎璇嶇殑鍖哄埆 鎴戜滑鐭ラ亾闈炶皳璇姩璇嶉兘婧愪簬鍙婄墿鍜屼笉鍙婄墿涓ょ璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝锛岃浜嗚В鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝涓庤繃鍘诲垎璇嶇殑鍖哄埆灏辫浠璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝鐨鍩烘湰灞炴...
绛旓細闈炶皳璇姩璇涓昏鍖呮嫭涓嶅畾寮忋佸姩鍚嶈瘝鍜屽垎璇嶏紙鐜板湪鍒嗚瘝鍜岃繃鍘诲垎璇嶏級锛屽嵆鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勯潪璋撹褰㈠紡銆傞潪璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝涔熸槸鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勪竴绉嶏紝浠栦滑鏈夌潃鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勫叾浠栫壒鐐癸紝鍙互鍏呭綋涓昏銆佸璇佺姸璇瓑銆傞潪璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝涓庤皳璇姩璇嶆槸鐩稿鐨勬蹇点傚姩璇嶄笉瀹氬紡锛氾紙to锛+ do锛屽叿鏈夊悕璇嶃佸舰瀹硅瘝銆佸壇璇嶇殑鐗瑰緛銆傚惁瀹氬紡锛歯ot + (to) do銆1銆佷竴鑸紡...
绛旓細1锛闈炶皳璇姩璇浣滃畾璇殑鍖哄埆 (1)涓嶅畾寮忋佺幇鍦ㄥ垎璇嶅拰杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝閮藉彲浠ヤ綔瀹氳锛屽叾鍖哄埆鏄細涓嶅畾寮忎綔瀹氳閫氬父鎸囧皢瑕佸彂鐢熺殑鍔ㄤ綔锛涚幇鍦 鍒嗚瘝浣滃畾璇寚姝ｈ繘琛岀殑銆佷富鍔ㄧ殑鍔ㄤ綔锛涜繃鍘诲垎璇嶄綔瀹氳鎸囧凡缁忓畬鎴愮殑銆佽鍔ㄧ殑鍔ㄤ綔銆侷 have three letters to write锛庢垜鏈変笁灏佷俊瑕佸啓銆侱o you know the man sitting in the ...
绛旓細2銆佺绫诲強浣滅敤锛闈炶皳璇姩璇嶆湁涓夌被鈥斺1锛 涓嶅畾寮忥細鍏锋湁鍚嶈瘝鎬с佸舰瀹硅瘝鎬у拰鍓瘝鎬 鍚嶈瘝鎬э細涓昏鐢ㄤ綔涓昏鍜屽璇紝濡傦細It鈥檚 hard to believe you. 寰堥毦鐩镐俊浣犵殑璇濄傗斺攖o believe 鏄富璇紝it鏄舰寮忎富璇 I want to have a cup of tea. 鎴戞兂鍠濇澂鑼躲傗斺攖o have 鏄 want 鐨勫璇 褰㈠璇嶆э細...
