化学最基本的公式有哪些 高中化学最重要的公式有那些？
\u5316\u5b66\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f\u5e38\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f
1\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cfn\u4e0e\u5fae\u7c92\u4e2a\u6570N\u3001\u8d28\u91cfm\u3001\u6c14\u4f53\u4f53\u79efV\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6C\u3001\u53cd\u5e94\u70ed∆H\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a
n = N/NA = m/M = V/Vm = CV = ∆H/∆H1 (∆H1\u662f\u63071mol\u7269\u8d28\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\uff09
2\u3001\u514b\u62c9\u73c0\u73d1\u65b9\u7a0b\u53c8\u79f0\u7406\u60f3\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u65b9\u7a0b\uff1a
PV = nRT
3\u3001\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6S\u4e0e\u6eb6\u8d28\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u03c9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a
\u03c9 = S/(100+S) * 100%
4\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6C\u4e0e\u6eb6\u8d28\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u03c9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a
C= 1000*d*\u03c9/M
5\u3001\u6709\u5173\u6c14\u4f53\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a
M = m/M = \u03c1Vm = DM2 = m0NA= M1\u03c91 + M2\u03c92 + M3\u03c93 ....
( D\u6307\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bc6\u5ea6; m0\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff1b\u03c9\u6307n% V%)
6\u3001\u6eb6\u6db2\u7a00\u91ca\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a
m1\u03c91 = m2\u03c92 C1V1 = C2V2
7\u3001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff1a
\u03c1 = m / V D = \u03c11/\u03c12 = (M1/M2)
8\u3001 \u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\uff1a
\u03bd = ∆C / ∆t = ∆n /(V.∆t)
9\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a
\u53ef\u9006\u53cd\u5e94\uff1a a A + b B c C + d D
\u8d77\u59cb\u91cf\uff08mol\uff09 a b c d
\u53d8\u5316\u91cf\uff08mol\uff09 mx nx px qx
\u5e73\u8861\u91cf\uff08mol\uff09 a-mx b-nx c+px d+qx
10\u3001\u6c34\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u79ef\uff1a
Kw = C(H+)•C(OH-) =(\u5e38\u6e29250C\u65f6\uff0910-14
\u6ce8\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u6c34\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u6c34\u7535\u79bb\u51fa\u7684H+\u548cOH-\u90fd\u76f8\u7b49\u3002
11\u3001\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684PH:
C(H+)=10-pH \u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b PH + POH = 14
12\u3001\u6eb6\u5ea6\u79efKsp \uff1a
\u4ee5MmAn(s) mMn+(aq) + nAm\uff0d(aq)\u4e3a\u4f8b
Ksp\uff1d[c(Mn+)]m•[c(Am\uff0d)] n
\u5982AgCl(s) Ag+(aq) + Cl\uff0d(aq)\uff0cKsp\uff1dc(Ag+)•c(Cl\uff0d)\u3002
13\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u5e38\u6570
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u53cd\u5e94mA(g) + nB(g) pC( g)+qD \uff08g\uff09
K = {[C(C)]p [C(D)]q }/{[C(A)]m [C(B)]n }
\u795d\u4f60\u5b66\u4e60\u8fdb\u6b65\uff01
\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e8e\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u590d\u4e60\u9636\u6bb5\u8981\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u9010\u4e00\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u5f52\u7eb3\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u9996\u5148\u8bb0\u4f4f\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u53bb\u7075\u6d3b\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9762\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u8bfe\u672c\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\u4e00\u3001\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28(F2 \uff0cCl2 \u3001 O2 \u3001 S\u3001 N2 \u3001 P \u3001 C \u3001 Si)
1.\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff1a
F2 + H2 === 2HF
F2 + Xe(\u8fc7\u91cf) === XeF2
2F2(\u8fc7\u91cf) + Xe === XeF4
nF2 + 2M === 2MFn (\u8868\u793a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u91d1\u5c5e)
2F2 + 2H2O === 4HF + O2
2F2 + 2NaOH === 2NaF + OF2 + H2O
F2 + 2NaCl === 2NaF + Cl2
F2 + 2NaBr === 2NaF + Br2
F2 + 2NaI === 2NaF + I2
F2 + Cl2(\u7b49\u4f53\u79ef) === 2ClF
3F2 (\u8fc7\u91cf) + Cl2 === 2ClF3
7F2(\u8fc7\u91cf) + I2 === 2IF7
Cl2 + H2 === 2HCl
3Cl2 + 2P === 2PCl3
Cl2 + PCl3 === PCl5
Cl2 + 2Na === 2NaCl
3Cl2 + 2Fe === 2FeCl3
Cl2 + 2FeCl2 === 2FeCl3
Cl2 + Cu === CuCl2
2Cl2 + 2NaBr === 2NaCl + Br2
Cl2 + 2NaI === 2NaCl + I2
5Cl2 + I2 + 6H2O === 2HIO3 + 10HCl
Cl2 + Na2S === 2NaCl + S
Cl2 + H2S === 2HCl + S
Cl2 + SO2 + 2H2O === H2SO4 + 2HCl
Cl2 + H2O2 === 2HCl + O2
2O2 + 3Fe === Fe3O4
O2 + K === KO2
S + H2 === H2S
2S + C === CS2
S + Fe === FeS
S + 2Cu === Cu2S
3S + 2Al === Al2S3
S + Zn === ZnS
N2 + 3H2 === 2NH3
N2 + 3Mg === Mg3N2
N2 + 3Ca === Ca3N2
N2 + 3Ba === Ba3N2
N2 + 6Na === 2Na3N
N2 + 6K === 2K3N
N2 + 6Rb === 2Rb3N
P2 + 6H2 === 4PH3
P + 3Na === Na3P
2P + 3Zn === Zn3P2
2.\u8fd8\u539f\u6027
S + O2 === SO2
S + O2 === SO2
S + 6HNO3(\u6d53) === H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O
3S + 4HNO3(\u7a00) === 3SO2 + 4NO + 2H2O
N2 + O2 === 2NO
4P + 5O2 === P4O10(\u5e38\u5199\u6210P2O5)
2P + 3X2 === 2PX3 (X\u8868\u793aF2\uff0cCl2\uff0cBr2)
PX3 + X2 === PX5
P4 + 20HNO3(\u6d53) === 4H3PO4 + 20NO2 + 4H2O
C + 2F2 === CF4
C + 2Cl2 === CCl4
2C + O2(\u5c11\u91cf) === 2CO
C + O2(\u8db3\u91cf) === CO2
C + CO2 === 2CO
C + H2O === CO + H2(\u751f\u6210\u6c34\u7164\u6c14)
2C + SiO2 === Si + 2CO(\u5236\u5f97\u7c97\u7845)
Si(\u7c97) + 2Cl2 === SiCl4
(SiCl4 + 2H2 === Si(\u7eaf) + 4HCl)
Si(\u7c89) + O2 === SiO2
Si + C === SiC(\u91d1\u521a\u7802)
Si + 2NaOH + H2O === Na2SiO3 + 2H2
3(\u78b1\u4e2d)\u6b67\u5316
Cl2 + H2O === HCl + HClO
(\u52a0\u9178\u6291\u5236\u6b67\u5316\uff0c\u52a0\u78b1\u6216\u5149\u7167\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6b67\u5316)
Cl2 + 2NaOH === NaCl + NaClO + H2O
2Cl2 + 2Ca(OH)2 === CaCl2 + Ca(ClO)2 + 2H2O
3Cl2 + 6KOH(\u70ed\u6d53) === 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O
3S + 6NaOH === 2Na2S + Na2SO3 + 3H2O
4P + 3KOH(\u6d53) + 3H2O === PH3 + 3KH2PO2
11P + 15CuSO4 + 24H2O === 5Cu3P + 6H3PO4 + 15H2SO4
3C + CaO === CaC2 + CO
3C + SiO2 === SiC + 2CO
\u4e8c\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u5355\u8d28(Na\uff0cMg\uff0cAl\uff0cFe)\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u6027
2Na + H2 === 2NaH
4Na + O2 === 2Na2O
2Na2O + O2 === 2Na2O2
2Na + O2 === Na2O2
2Na + S === Na2S(\u7206\u70b8)
2Na + 2H2O === 2NaOH + H2
2Na + 2NH3 === 2NaNH2 + H2
4Na + TiCl4(\u7194\u878d) === 4NaCl + Ti
Mg + Cl2 === MgCl2
Mg + Br2 === MgBr2
2Mg + O2 === 2MgO
Mg + S === MgS
Mg + 2H2O === Mg(OH)2 + H2
2Mg + TiCl4(\u7194\u878d) === Ti + 2MgCl2
Mg + 2RbCl === MgCl2 + 2Rb
2Mg + CO2 === 2MgO + C
2Mg + SiO2 === 2MgO + Si
Mg + H2S === MgS + H2
Mg + H2SO4 === MgSO4 + H2
2Al + 3Cl2 === 2AlCl3
4Al + 3O2 === 2Al2O3(\u949d\u5316)
4Al(Hg) + 3O2 + 2xH2O === 2(Al2O3.xH2O) + 4Hg
4Al + 3MnO2 === 2Al2O3 + 3Mn
2Al + Cr2O3 === Al2O3 + 2Cr
2Al + Fe2O3 === Al2O3 + 2Fe
2Al + 3FeO === Al2O3 + 3Fe
2Al + 6HCl === 2AlCl3 + 3H2
2Al + 3H2SO4 === Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
2Al + 6H2SO4(\u6d53) === Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
(Al\u3001Fe\u5728\u51b7\u3001\u6d53\u7684H2SO4\u3001HNO3\u4e2d\u949d\u5316)
Al + 4HNO(\u7a00) === Al(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O === 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
2Fe + 3Br2 === 2FeBr3
Fe + I2 === FeI2
Fe + S === FeS
3Fe + 4H2O(g) === Fe3O4 + 4H2
Fe + 2HCl === FeCl2 + H2
Fe + CuCl2 === FeCl2 + Cu
Fe + SnCl4 === FeCl2 + SnCl2
(\u94c1\u5728\u9178\u6027\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u56db\u6c2f\u5316\u9521\u5b8c\u5168
\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u5355\u8d28\u9521 Fe + SnCl2==FeCl2 + Sn)
\u4e09\u3001\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c22\u5316\u7269(HF\u3001HCl\u3001H2O\u3001H2S\u3001NH3)
1\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u6027:
4HCl(\u6d53) + MnO2 === MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
4HCl(g) + O2 === 2Cl2 + 2H2O
16HCl + 2KMnO4 === 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
14HCl + K2Cr2O7 === 2KCl + 2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 7H2O
2H2O + 2F2 === 4HF + O2
2H2S + 3O2(\u8db3\u91cf) === 2SO2 + 2H2O
2H2S + O2(\u5c11\u91cf) === 2S + 2H2O
2H2S + SO2 === 3S + 2H2O
H2S + H2SO4(\u6d53) === S + SO2 + 2H2O
3H2S + 2HNO(\u7a00) === 3S + 2NO + 4H2O
5H2S + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 === 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 5S + 8H2O
3H2S + K2Cr2O7 + 4H2SO4 === Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 3S + 7H2O
H2S + 4Na2O2 + 2H2O === Na2SO4 + 6NaOH
2NH3 + 3CuO === 3Cu + N2 + 3H2O
2NH3 + 3Cl2 === N2 + 6HCl
8NH3 + 3Cl2 === N2 + 6NH4Cl
4NH3 + 3O2(\u7eaf\u6c27) === 2N2 + 6H2O
4NH3 + 5O2 === 4NO + 6H2O
4NH3 + 6NO === 5N2 + 6H2O(\u7528\u6c28\u6e05\u9664NO)
NaH + H2O === NaOH + H2
4NaH + TiCl4 === Ti + 4NaCl + 2H2
CaH2 + 2H2O === Ca(OH)2 + 2H2
2\u3001\u9178\u6027:
4HF + SiO2 === SiF4 + 2H2O
(\u6b64\u53cd\u5e94\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u5b9a\u77ff\u6837\u6216\u94a2\u6837\u4e2dSiO2\u7684\u542b\u91cf)
2HF + CaCl2 === CaF2 + 2HCl
H2S + Fe === FeS + H2
H2S + CuCl2 === CuS + 2HCl
H2S + 2AgNO3 === Ag2S + 2HNO3
H2S + HgCl2 === HgS + 2HCl
H2S + Pb(NO3)2 === PbS + 2HNO3
H2S + FeCl2 ===
2NH3 + 2Na==2NaNH2 + H2
(NaNH2 + H2O === NaOH + NH3)
3\uff0c\u78b1\u6027\uff1a
NH3 + HCl === NH4Cl
NH3 + HNO3 === NH4NO3
2NH3 + H2SO4 === (NH4)2SO4
NH3 + NaCl + H2O + CO2 === NaHCO3 + NH4Cl
(\u6b64\u53cd\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u5236\u5907\u5c0f\u82cf\u6253\uff0c\u82cf\u6253)
4\uff0c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a
2HF === H2 + F2
2HCl === H2 + Cl2
2H2O === 2H2 + O2
2H2O2 === 2H2O + O2
H2S === H2 + S
2NH3 === N2 + 3H2
\u56db\u3001\u975e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269
\u4f4e\u4ef7\u6001\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff1a
2SO2 + O2 === 2SO3
2SO2 + O2 + 2H2O === 2H2SO4
(\u8fd9\u662fSO2\u5728\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u7f13\u6162\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94)
SO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O === H2SO4 + 2HCl
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O === H2SO4 + 2HBr
SO2 + I2 + 2H2O === H2SO4 + 2HI
SO2 + NO2 === SO3 + NO
2NO + O2 === 2NO2
NO + NO2 + 2NaOH === 2NaNO2
(\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u785d\u9178\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5438\u6536\u5c3e\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684NO\u548cNO2)
2CO + O2 === 2CO2
CO + CuO === Cu + CO2
3CO + Fe2O3 === 2Fe + 3CO2
CO + H2O === CO2 + H2
\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff1a
SO2 + 2H2S === 3S + 2H2O
SO3 + 2KI === K2SO3 + I2
NO2 + 2KI + H2O === NO + I2 + 2KOH
(\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6dc0\u7c89KI\u6eb6\u6db2\u9274\u522b\u6eb4\u84b8\u6c14\u548cNO2)
4NO2 + H2S === 4NO + SO3 + H2O
2NO2 + Cu === 4CuO + N2
CO2 + 2Mg === 2MgO + C
(CO2\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u6251\u706d\u7531Mg\u3001Ca\u3001Ba\u3001Na\u3001K\u7b49\u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u706b\u707e)
SiO2 + 2H2 === Si + 2H2O
SiO2 + 2Mg === 2MgO + Si
3\u3001\u4e0e\u6c34\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:
SO2 + H2O === H2SO3
SO3 + H2O === H2SO4
3NO2 + H2O === 2HNO3 + NO
N2O5 + H2O === 2HNO3
P2O5 + H2O === 2HPO3
P2O5 + 3H2O === 2H3PO4
(P2O5\u6781\u6613\u5438\u6c34\u3001\u53ef\u4f5c\u6c14\u4f53\u5e72\u71e5\u5242
P2O5 + 3H2SO4(\u6d53) === 2H3PO4 + 3SO3)
CO2 + H2O === H2CO3
4\u3001\u4e0e\u78b1\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:
SO2 + 2NH3 + H2O === (NH4)2SO3
SO2 + (NH4)2SO3 + H2O === 2NH4HSO3
(\u8fd9\u662f\u786b\u9178\u5382\u56de\u6536SO2\u7684\u53cd\u5e94.\u5148\u7528\u6c28\u6c34\u5438\u6536SO2\u3001
\u518d\u7528H2SO4\u5904\u7406: 2NH4HSO3 + H2SO4 === (NH4)2SO4 + 2H2O + 2SO2
\u751f\u6210\u7684\u786b\u9178\u94f5\u4f5c\u5316\u80a5\u3001SO2\u5faa\u73af\u4f5c\u539f\u6599\u6c14)
SO2 + Ca(OH)2 === CaSO3 + H2O
(\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6f84\u6e05\u77f3\u7070\u6c34\u9274\u522bSO2\u548cCO2.\u53ef\u7528\u54c1\u7ea2\u9274\u522b)
SO3 + MgO === MgSO4
SO3 + Ca(OH)2 === CaSO4 + H2O
CO2 + 2NaOH(\u8fc7\u91cf) === Na2CO3 + H2O
CO2(\u8fc7\u91cf) + NaOH === NaHCO3
CO2 + Ca(OH)2(\u8fc7\u91cf) === CaCO3 + H2O
2CO2(\u8fc7\u91cf) + Ca(OH)2 === Ca(HCO3)2
CO2 + 2NaAlO2 + 3H2O === 2Al(OH)3 + Na2CO3
CO2 + C6H5ONa + H2O === C6H5OH + NaHCO3
SiO2 + CaO === CaSiO3
SiO2 + 2NaOH === Na2SiO3 + H2O
(\u5e38\u6e29\u4e0b\u5f3a\u78b1\u7f13\u6162\u8150\u8680\u73bb\u7483)
SiO2 + Na2CO3 === Na2SiO3 + CO2
SiO2 + CaCO3 === CaSiO3 + CO2
\u4e94\u3001\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269
1\u3001\u4f4e\u4ef7\u6001\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u6027:
6FeO + O2 === 2Fe3O4
FeO + 4HNO3 === Fe(NO3)3 + NO2 + 2H2O
2\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u6027:
Na2O2 + 2Na === 2Na2O
(\u6b64\u53cd\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u5907Na2O)
MgO\uff0cAl2O3\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u6c27\u5316\u6027\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u88ab\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3aMg\uff0cAl.
\u4e00\u822c\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u89e3\u5236Mg\u548cAl.
Fe2O3 + 3H2 === 2Fe + 3H2O (\u5236\u8fd8\u539f\u94c1\u7c89)
Fe3O4 + 4H2 === 3Fe + 4H2O
3\u3001\u4e0e\u6c34\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:
Na2O + H2O === 2NaOH
2Na2O2 + 2H2O === 4NaOH + O2
(\u6b64\u53cd\u5e94\u5206\u4e24\u6b65:Na2O2 + 2H2O === 2NaOH + H2O2 ;
2H2O2 === 2H2O + O2. H2O2\u7684\u5236\u5907\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u53cd\u5e94:
BaO2 + H2SO4(\u7a00) === BaSO4 + H2O2)
MgO + H2O === Mg(OH)2 (\u7f13\u6162\u53cd\u5e94)
4\u3001\u4e0e\u9178\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:
Na2O + SO3 === Na2SO4
Na2O + CO2 === Na2CO3
Na2O + 2HCl === 2NaCl + H2O
2Na2O2 + 2CO2 === 2Na2CO3 + O2
Na2O2 + H2SO4(\u51b7\u3001\u7a00) === Na2SO4 + H2O2
MgO + SO3 === MgSO4
MgO + H2SO4 === MgSO4 + H2O
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 === Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
(Al2O3\u662f\u4e24\u6027\u6c27\u5316\u7269:
Al2O3 + 2NaOH === 2NaAlO2 + H2O)
FeO + 2HCl === FeCl2 + 3H2O
Fe2O3 + 6HCl === 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
Fe2O3 + 3H2S(g) === Fe2S3 + 3H2O
Fe3O4 + 8HCl === FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O
\u516d\u3001\u542b\u6c27\u9178
1\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u6027:
4HClO3 + 3H2S === 3H2SO4 + 4HCl
HClO3 + HI === HIO3 + HCl
3HClO + HI === HIO3 + 3HCl
HClO + H2SO3 === H2SO4 + HCl
HClO + H2O2 === HCl + H2O + O2
(\u6c27\u5316\u6027:HClO>HClO2>HClO3>HClO4\u3001
\u4f46\u6d53\u3001\u70ed\u7684HClO4\u6c27\u5316\u6027\u5f88\u5f3a)
2H2SO4(\u6d53) + C === CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O
2H2SO4(\u6d53) + S === 3SO2 + 2H2O
H2SO4 + Fe(Al) \u5ba4\u6e29\u4e0b\u949d\u5316
6H2SO4(\u6d53) + 2Fe === Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
2H2SO4(\u6d53) + Cu === CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
H2SO4(\u6d53) + 2HBr === SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O
H2SO4(\u6d53) + 2HI === SO2 + I2 + 2H2O
H2SO4(\u7a00) + Fe === FeSO4 + H2
2H2SO3 + 2H2S === 3S + 2H2O
4HNO3(\u6d53) + C === CO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O
6HNO3(\u6d53) + S === H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O
5HNO3(\u6d53) + P === H3PO4 + 5NO2 + H2O
6HNO3 + Fe === Fe(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
4HNO3 + Fe === Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
30HNO3 + 8Fe === 8Fe(NO3)3 + 3N2O + 15H2O
36HNO3 + 10Fe === 10Fe(NO3)3 + 3N2 + 18H2O
30HNO3 + 8Fe === 8Fe(NO3)3 + 3NH4NO3 + 9H2O
2\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u6027:
H2SO3 + X2 + H2O === H2SO4 + 2HX
(X\u8868\u793aCl2\u3001Br2\u3001I2)
2H2SO3 + O2 === 2H2SO4
H2SO3 + H2O2 === H2SO4 + H2O
5H2SO3 + 2KMnO4 === 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 2H2SO4 + 3H2O
H2SO3 + 2FeCl3 + H2O === H2SO4 + 2FeCl2 + 2HCl
3\u3001\u9178\u6027:
H2SO4(\u6d53) + CaF2 === CaSO4 + 2HF
H2SO4(\u6d53) + NaCl === NaHSO4 + HCl
H2SO4(\u6d53) + 2NaCl === Na2SO4 + 2HCl
H2SO4(\u6d53) + NaNO3 === NaHSO4 + HNO3
3H2SO4(\u6d53) + Ca3(PO4)2 === 3CaSO4 + 2H3PO4
2H2SO4(\u6d53) + Ca3(PO4)2 === 2CaSO4 + Ca(H2PO4)2
3HNO3 + Ag3PO4 === H3PO4 + 3AgNO3
2HNO3 + CaCO3 === Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2
(\u7528HNO3\u548c\u6d53H2SO4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5236\u5907H2S\uff0cHI\uff0cHBr\uff0c(SO2)
\u7b49\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u6c14\u4f53)
4H3PO4 + Ca3(PO4)2 === 3Ca(H2PO4)2(\u91cd\u9499)
H3PO4(\u6d53) + NaBr === NaH2PO4 + HBr
H3PO4(\u6d53) + NaI === NaH2PO4 + HI
4\uff0c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff1a
2HClO === 2HCl + O2
4HNO3 === 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O
H2SO3 === H2O + SO2
H2CO3 === H2O + CO2
4SiO4 === H2SiO3 + H2O
\u4e03\u3001\u78b1
\u4f4e\u4ef7\u6001\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\uff1a
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O === 4Fe(OH)3
\u4e0e\u9178\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a
2NaOH + SO2(\u5c11\u91cf) === Na2SO3 + H2O
NaOH + SO2(\u8db3\u91cf) === NaHSO3
2NaOH + SiO2 === NaSiO3 + H2O
2NaOH + Al2O3 === 2NaAlO2 + H2O
2NaOH + Cl2 === NaCl + NaClO + H2O
NaOH + HCl === NaCl + H2O
NaOH + H2S(\u8db3\u91cf) === NaHS + H2O
2NaOH + H2S(\u5c11\u91cf) === Na2S + 2H2O
3NaOH + AlCl3 === Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
NaOH + Al(OH)3 === NaAlO2 + 2H2O
NaOH + NH4Cl === NaCl + NH3 + H2O
Mg(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl === MgCl2 + 2NH3.H2O
Al(OH)3 + NH4Cl \u4e0d\u6eb6\u89e3
3\u3001\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027:
Mg(OH)2 === MgO + H2O
2Al(OH)3 === Al2O3 + 3H2O
2Fe(OH)3 === Fe2O3 + 3H2O
Cu(OH)2 === CuO + H2O
\u516b\u3001\u76d0
1\u3001\u6c27\u5316\u6027:
2FeCl3 + Fe === 3FeCl2
2FeCl3 + Cu === 2FeCl2 + CuCl2
(\u7528\u4e8e\u96d5\u523b\u94dc\u7ebf\u8def\u7248)
2FeCl3 + Zn === 2FeCl2 + ZnCl2
FeCl3 + Ag === FeCl2 + AgC
Fe2(SO4)3 + 2Ag === FeSO4 + Ag2SO4(\u8f83\u96be\u53cd\u5e94)
Fe(NO3)3 + Ag \u4e0d\u53cd\u5e94
2FeCl3 + H2S === 2FeCl2 + 2HCl + S
2FeCl3 + 2KI === 2FeCl2 + 2KCl + I2
FeCl2 + Mg === Fe + MgCl2
2\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u6027:
2FeCl2 + Cl2 === 2FeCl3
3Na2S + 8HNO3(\u7a00) === 6NaNO3 + 2NO + 3S + 4H2O
3Na2SO3 + 2HNO3(\u7a00) === 3Na2SO4 + 2NO + H2O
2Na2SO3 + O2 === 2Na2SO4
3\u3001\u4e0e\u78b1\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:
MgCl2 + 2NH3.H2O === Mg(OH)2 + NH4Cl
AlCl3 + 3NH3.H2O === Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
FeCl3 + 3NH3.H2O === Fe(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
4\u3001\u4e0e\u9178\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4f5c\u7528:
Na3PO4 + HCl === Na2HPO4 + NaCl
Na2HPO4 + HCl === NaH2PO4 + NaCl
NaH2PO4 + HCl === H3PO4 + NaCl
Na2CO3 + HCl === NaHCO3 + NaCl
NaHCO3 + HCl === NaCl + H2O + CO2
3Na2CO3 + 2AlCl3 + 3H2O === 2Al(OH)3 + 3CO2 + 6NaCl
3Na2CO3 + 2FeCl3 + 3H2O === 2Fe(OH)3 + 3CO2 + 6NaCl
3NaHCO3 + AlCl3 === Al(OH)3 + 3CO2
3NaHCO3 + FeCl3 === Fe(OH)3 + 3CO2
3Na2S + Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O === 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2S
3NaAlO2 + AlCl3 + 6H2O === 4Al(OH)3
5\u3001\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027:
Na2S2O3 + H2SO4 === Na2SO4 + S + SO2 + H2O
NH4Cl === NH3 + HCl
NH4HCO3 === NH3 + H2O + CO2
2KNO3 === 2KNO2 + O2
2Cu(NO3)3 === 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
2KMnO4 === K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
2KClO3 === 2KCl + 3O2
2NaHCO3 === Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
Ca(HCO3)2 === CaCO3 + H2O + CO2
CaCO3 === CaO + CO2
MgCO3 === MgO + CO2
绛旓細鐭ラ亾灏忔湁寤烘爲绛斾富 鍥炵瓟閲:502 閲囩撼鐜:97% 甯姪鐨勪汉:42.2涓 鎴戜篃鍘荤瓟棰樿闂釜浜洪〉 鍏虫敞 灞曞紑鍏ㄩ儴 鍖栧鐨瀛︿範鏈閲嶈鐨勫氨鏄柟绋嬪紡鍏紡浠ュ強鐭ヨ瘑鐐规蹇佃璇,涓嬮潰鏄垜缁欏ぇ瀹跺甫鏉ョ殑鍒濅腑鍖栧鍏紡澶у叏,甯屾湜鑳藉甯姪鍒板ぇ瀹! 鍒濅腑鍖栧鍏紡澶у叏 涓. 鐗╄川涓庢哀姘旂殑鍙嶅簲: (1)鍗曡川涓庢哀姘旂殑鍙嶅簲: 1. 闀佸湪绌烘皵涓噧鐑...
绛旓細婧惰川鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忥紙mol锛夛紳鐗╄川鐨勯噺娴撳害锛坢ol/L锛壝楁憾娑蹭綋绉紙L锛夈傛湁鍏虫憾娑茬殑璁＄畻鍏紡:锛1锛夋祿婧舵恫鐨勮川閲徝楁祿婧舵恫婧惰川鐨勮川閲忓垎鏁帮紳绋婧舵恫鐨勮川閲徝楃█婧舵恫婧惰川鐨勮川閲忓垎鏁帮紙鍗虫憾璐ㄧ殑璐ㄩ噺涓嶅彉锛夈傦紙2锛夋祿婧舵恫鐨勮川閲徝楁祿婧舵恫婧惰川鐨勮川閲忓垎鏁帮紳绋婧舵恫鐨勮川閲徝楃█婧舵恫婧惰川鐨勮川閲忓垎鏁帮紙鍗虫憾璐ㄧ殑璐ㄩ噺涓嶅彉锛夈鍖...
绛旓細甯哥敤璁＄畻鍏紡 锛1锛夌浉瀵瑰師瀛愯川閲= 鏌愬厓绱犱竴涓師瀛愮殑璐ㄩ噺 / 涓涓⒊鍘熷瓙璐ㄩ噺鐨1/12 锛2锛夎鏌愬寲鍚堢墿鍖栧寮忎负[size=4]A[/size][size=-1]m[/size][size=4]B[/size][size=-1]n[/size]鈶犲畠鐨勭浉瀵瑰垎瀛愯川閲忥紳A鐨勭浉瀵瑰師瀛愯川閲徝梞锛婤鐨勭浉瀵瑰師瀛愯川閲徝梟 鈶鍏冪礌涓嶣鍏冪礌鐨勮川閲忔瘮锛滱鐨勭浉瀵瑰師瀛...
绛旓細1.鐩愰吀 =姘у寲閾 6HCl + Fe2O3 = 2FeCl3 + 3H2O 2.纭吀+姘у寲閾 3H2SO4 + Fe2O3 = Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O 3.鐩愰吀+姘у寲閾 2HCl + CuO = CuCl2 + H2O 4.纭吀+姘у寲閾 H2SO4 + CuO = CuSO4 + H2O 5.闀+鐩愰吀 Mg + 2HCl = MgCl2 + H2鈫 6.閾+纭吀 2Al + 3H2SO4 = Al2(...
绛旓細鍒濅腑蹇呭鍖栧鍏紡鏈夊摢浜?2涓洖绛 #鐑# 鐢佃鍓с婄帇鐗岄儴闃熴嬫湁鍝簺妲界偣?L_Charles 2012-03-16 路 TA鑾峰緱瓒呰繃169涓禐 鐭ラ亾绛斾富 鍥炵瓟閲:17 閲囩撼鐜:50% 甯姪鐨勪汉:5.7涓 鎴戜篃鍘荤瓟棰樿闂釜浜洪〉 鍏虫敞 灞曞紑鍏ㄩ儴 鍖栧悎鍙嶅簲 1銆侀晛鍦ㄧ┖姘斾腑鐕冪儳:2Mg + O2 鐐圭噧 2MgO 2銆侀搧鍦ㄦ哀姘斾腑鐕冪儳:3Fe + 2...
绛旓細婧惰川鍦ㄦ憾鍓備腑婧惰В搴﹁绠鍏紡 婧舵恫涓憾璐ㄧ殑璐ㄩ噺鐧惧垎姣旇绠楀叕寮 鎽╁皵娴撳害璁＄畻鍏紡 鎽╁皵璁＄畻鍏紡 鍚勭鍖栧鍙嶅簲涓弽搴旂墿鐢熸垚鐗╄川閲忕殑璁＄畻
绛旓細楂樹腑蹇呰鐨鍖栧鍏紡鏈閭ｄ簺?2涓洖绛 #鐑# 浣犲彂鏈嬪弸鍦堜細浣跨敤閮ㄥ垎浜哄彲瑙佸姛鑳藉悧?鍖垮悕鐢ㄦ埛 2010-12-05 灞曞紑鍏ㄩ儴 涓銆侀潪閲戝睘鍗曡川(F2 ,Cl2 銆 O2 銆 S銆 N2 銆 P 銆 C 銆 Si)1.姘у寲鎬:F2 + H2 === 2HFF2 + Xe(杩囬噺) === XeF22F2(杩囬噺) + Xe === XeF4nF2 + 2M === 2MFn (琛ㄧず澶...
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绛旓細娴撳害鐨勪笁涓鍩烘湰鍏紡鏄細c=n/V锛沜=蠅路蟻/M锛沜=蠅路蟻路V / M銆傜墿璐ㄧ殑閲忔祿搴﹁绠楀叕寮忥紙鎽╁皵瀹氬緥锛夋槸涓涓敤鏉ヨ绠楃墿璐ㄧ殑閲忔祿搴鐨勫叕寮銆傚叕寮忓唴瀹逛负锛氭憾璐ㄧ殑鐗╄川鐨勯噺=婧惰川鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忔祿搴婧舵恫鐨勪綋绉痭=c路V銆傜墿璐ㄧ殑閲忔祿搴﹀崟浣嶏細mol/L銆6.c(娴撴憾娑)路V(娴撴憾娑)=c(绋婧舵恫)路V(绋婧舵恫) 鐢ㄦ祿...
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