美国生涯理论专家舒伯认为生涯是由哪些层面构成的？ 舒伯的生涯发展理论是什么？
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\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e00\u751f\u751f\u6daf\u7684\u5f69\u8679\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a2a\u5411\u5c42\u9762\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u6a2a\u8de8\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5e7f\u5ea6\u3002\u5f69\u8679\u7684\u5916\u5c42\u663e\u793a\u4eba\u751f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u548c\u5927\u81f4\u4f30\u7b97\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\uff1a\u6210\u957f\u671f\uff08\u7ea6\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u513f\u7ae5\u671f\uff09\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u671f\uff08\u7ea6\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u9752\u6625\u671f\uff09\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u671f\uff08\u7ea6\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6210\u4eba\u524d\u671f\uff09\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u671f\uff08\u7ea6\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5e74\u671f\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u8870\u9000\u671f\uff08\u7ea6\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8001\u5e74\u671f\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e94\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u5185\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u8fd8\u6709\u5c0f\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8212\u4f2f\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u5404\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u5e74\u9f84\u5212\u5206\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u3002\u5e94\u4f9d\u636e\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u800c\u5b9a\u3002
\u3000\u3000\uff082\uff09\u7eb5\u8d2f\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7684\u5f69\u8679\u2014\u2014\u751f\u6d3b\u7a7a\u95f4
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e00\u751f\u751f\u6daf\u7684\u5f69\u8679\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u7eb5\u5411\u5c42\u9762\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u7eb5\u8d2f\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u7ec4\u804c\u4f4d\u548c\u89d2\u8272\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8212\u4f2f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u751f\u5f53\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u626e\u6f14\u4e5d\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4f9d\u5e8f\u662f\uff1a\u513f\u7ae5\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u4f11\u95f2\u8005\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u592b\u59bb\u3001\u5bb6\u957f\u3001\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u9000\u4f11\u8005\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8f85\u5bfc\u7b56\u7565
\u3000\u30001\u3001\u751f\u6daf\u8bc4\u4f30
\u3000\u3000\u6839\u636e\u8212\u4f2f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u751f\u6daf\u8f85\u5bfc\u5de5\u4f5c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u6daf\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\u4e0e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u7efc\u5408\u800c\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u8212\u4f2f\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e8b\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u524d\u671f\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u6536\u96c6\u8d44\u6599\u3001\u521d\u6b65\u63a5\u89e6\u53ca\u521d\u6b65\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\uff1a\u63a2\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3001\u5404\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u5206\u91cf\u53ca\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u751f\u6daf\u6210\u719f\uff08\u8bf8\u5982\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u8bd5\u63a2\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3001\u51b3\u7b56\u6280\u5de7\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u8d44\u6599\u3001\u9002\u5207\u6027\uff09\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u89c2\u5ff5\uff08\u8bf8\u5982\u81ea\u5c0a\u3001\u660e\u786e\u6027\u3001\u548c\u8c10\u6027\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3001\u5207\u5b9e\u6027\uff09\u3001\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u6f5c\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u51c6\u3001\u5174\u8da3\u8303\u56f4\u4e0e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7b49\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5168\u90e8\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u8bc4\u4f30\uff1a\u68c0\u9a8c\u6838\u5b9e\u5168\u90e8\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u54a8\u8be2\uff1a\u5171\u540c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3001\u4fee\u6b63\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2a\u4f53\u76ee\u524d\u4e0e\u4e0b\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u751f\u6daf\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e3a\u6210\u719f\u800c\u518d\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\u4ee5\u6c42\u4e13\u7cbe\u5316\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u51c6\u5907\u3001\u8bad\u7ec3\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u5bfb\u6c42\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u9014\u5f84\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8ba8\u8bba\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\uff1a\u5c06\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u6267\u884c\u3001\u8ffd\u8e2a\u8bc4\u4ecb\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u8ba8\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u751f\u6daf\u53d1\u5c55\u8bba\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u5fc5\u987b\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u751f\u6daf\u6210\u719f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u6211\u89c2\u5ff5\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6709\u5173\u80fd\u529b\u503e\u5411\u4e0e\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8f85\u5bfc\u4eba\u5458\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u5171\u540c\u8ba8\u8bba\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f85\u5bfc\u4e0e\u54a8\u8be2\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8f85\u5bfc\u63aa\u65bd
\u3000\u3000\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u54a8\u8be2\u5458\u53ef\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u5730\u91c7\u53d6\u4e0b\u5217\u8f85\u5bfc\u63aa\u65bd\u3002
\u3000\u3000•\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u5e94\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u5176\u60c5\u7eea\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u96be\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u751f\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7edf\u6574\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u51fa\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6289\u62e9\u3002
\u3000\u3000•\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u751f\u6daf\u6210\u719f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u591f\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u5e94\u4ece\u534f\u52a9\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u53ca\u804c\u4e1a\u9009\u62e9\u6709\u5173\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u505a\u8d77\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6daf\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53c2\u7167\u751f\u6daf\u53d1\u5c55\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u5bf9\u804c\u4e1a\u4e0e\u751f\u6daf\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002
\u3000\u3000•\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u751f\u6daf\u6210\u719f\u7684\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u8981\u534f\u52a9\u4e2a\u4f53\u6c47\u96c6\u3001\u8bc4\u4f30\u6709\u5173\u81ea\u5df1\u53ca\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u6216\u51b3\u7b56\u4f5c\u53c2\u8003\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u6307\u5bfc\u6027\u4e0e\u975e\u6307\u5bfc\u6027\u65b9\u5f0f
\u3000\u3000\u8212\u4f2f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u6daf\u54a8\u8be2\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u6d89\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u6211\u63a2\u7d22\u3001\u4f5c\u51b3\u5b9a\u53ca\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u8003\u9a8c\u3002\u5728\u201c\u8c08\u8bdd\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f85\u5bfc\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u8ff0\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6f84\u6e05\uff0c\u6458\u8981\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u9762\u8d28\u7b49\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u6307\u5bfc\u53ca\u975e\u6307\u5bfc\u5f0f\u7684\u54a8\u8be2\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u54a8\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6c47\u96c6\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u8fdb\u4e00\uff0c\u6b65\u63a2\u7d22\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u73b0\u5b9e\u8003\u9a8c\uff0c\u975e\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u5171\u540c\u63a2\u8ba8\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u534f\u52a9\u4e2a\u4f53\u63a2\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u63cf\u8ff0\u81ea\u6211\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u6f84\u6e05\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u63a5\u7eb3\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3001\u7a81\u7834\u56e0\u73b0\u5b9e\u8003\u9a8c\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u60c5\u7eea\u611f\u53d7\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8f85\u5bfc\u65b9\u6cd5
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\u3000\u3000\u8bc4\u8bba
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1\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u6982\u5ff5
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2\u3001\u751f\u6daf\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u8212\u4f2f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u53d1\u5c55\u5206\u4e3a\u4e94\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u6210\u957f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0814\u201415\u5c81\uff09\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u9636\u6bb5\uff0815\u201424\u5c81\uff09\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u9636\u6bb5\uff0825\u201444\u5c81\uff09\u3001\u7ef4\u6301\u9636\u6bb5\uff0845\u201464\u5c81\uff09\u3001\u8870\u9000\u9636\u6bb5 \uff0865\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09\u3002
3\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u5faa\u73af\u53d1\u5c55\u7406\u8bba
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4\u3001\u751f\u547d\u5f69\u8679\u56fe
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5\u3001\u751f\u6daf\u5339\u914d\u5316
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舒伯把人生分为三个层面：第一是时间层面，就是一个人的生命历程；第二是广度层面，就是一个人终其一生所扮演的各种不同角色；三是深度层面，就是扮演每个角色时所投入的程度。这三者的结合，就是萨柏所理解的生涯。
扩展资料：
生命彩虹图
舒伯认为一个人的职业生涯发展与在个人在发展历程的各个阶段中所扮演的各种角色如儿童、学生、休闲者、公民、工作者、夫妻、家长、父母和退休者。
人在某一阶段对某角色投入得多，会导致这一角色的成功，同时也可能导致另—角色的失败。他称发展的各个阶段为生活广度，称个人扮演的角色为生活空间。生活广度和生活空间交汇成为生涯彩虹图。它描绘出了生涯发展阶段与角色彼此间交互影响、多重角色生涯发展的状况。
参考资料来源：百度百科-彩虹理论
时间，广度和深度
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