虚拟语气的时态？ 虚拟语气中的时态？
\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u53ca\u5b83\u7684\u65f6\u6001\u7528\u6cd5\uff1f\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14(Subjunctive Mood)\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bed\u6cd5\u9879\u76ee\u662f\u5404\u7c7b\u82f1\u8bed\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u3001\u613f\u671b\u3001\u6000\u7591\u6216\u63a8\u6d4b\u3002
\u2160\u7528\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14
\u2488 \u7528if\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\u8868\u793a\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u662f\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u6700\u666e\u901a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\u2460 \u865a\u62df\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5176if \u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u5f62\u5f0f\u7528\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f(be \u4e00\u822c\u7528were)\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7528would/ should/ could/ might +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aIf I were in your position I would marry her.
\u2461 \u865a\u62df\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u662f\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0cif \u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u5f62\u5f0f\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u5373had\uff0b\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7528would / should / could / might + have +\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aIf it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.
\u2462 \u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9762\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u5b58\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u540e\u679c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u60c5\u51b5\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u60c5\u51b5\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aIf you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u5728\u9ad8\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u9891\u7387\u9887\u9ad8\u3002
\u2463 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540e\u679c\u7528\u4e86\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u800c\u6761\u4ef6\u5374\u7528\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u9519\u7684\u3002
\u2489 \u9664\u4e86\u8868\u793a\u865a\u5047\u6761\u4ef6\u5916\uff0cif\u4ece\u53e5\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u5c06\u6765\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u865a\u5047\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6709\u591a\u5927\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14\u7684if\u4ece\u53e5\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u6765\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002If\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u5f62\u5f0f\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u6216\u7528were to / should +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7528would / should /could/ might +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aJean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.\uff081996\u5e741\u6708\u56db\u7ea7\u7b2c44\u9898\uff09
\u248a \u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u542b\u6709\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd\u3001\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\u3001be\u6216have\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u8fde\u8bcdif \u7701\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u5c06had , should, were \u7b49\u8bcd\u63d0\u5230\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5373\u7528\u5012\u88c5\u7ed3\u6784,\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0not\u7b49\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd\u9700\u653e\u5728\u4e3b\u8bed\u540e\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u53e3\u8bed\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u9891\u9891\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5404\u7c7b\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aIf it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.\u2192Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.
\u248b \u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e2a\u522b\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ecb\u8bcdwithout\u548c\u4ecb\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bedbut for\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u526f\u8bcdotherwise\u7b49\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aWe didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.\uff081995\u5e746\u6708\u56db\u7ea7\u7b2c46\u9898\uff09\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5305\u542bbut for\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u5fc5\u5b9a\u8981\u7528\u865a\u62df\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5305\u542bwithout\u7b49\u77ed\u8bed\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u672a\u5fc5\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002
\u248c \u6709\u65f6\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u662f\u660e\u786e\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8574\u542b\u5728\u7528but\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u91cc\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4fbf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u6709\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7684\u4e3b\u53e5\u52a0\u4e0a\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14\u7684but\u4ece\u53e5\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5e76\u5217\u590d\u5408\u53e5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u53e5\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u53e5\u7528\u4e86\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u9519\u7684\u3002
\u2161\u7528\u5728\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14
\u2488 \u5728\u8868\u793a\u613f\u671b\u7684\u52a8\u8bcdwish\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\uff08wish\u540e\u7684that \u5e38\u7701\u7565\uff09\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e3b\u53e5\u65f6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u65f6\u6001\u76f8\u5e94\u9000\u540e\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aHow she wished his family could go with him.
\u2489 \u5728\u5177\u6709\u613f\u671b\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u5efa\u8bae\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u613f\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide \u2026) \u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u9700\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528(should) +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcdnot\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e94\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aThe head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982suggest\u8868\u8fbe\u201c\u6697\u793a\u201d\uff0cinsist\u8868\u793a\u201c\u575a\u6301\u67d0\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u4e0d\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aHer pale face suggests that she is ill.\u6216He insisted that he did not kill the boy.
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u865a\u62df\u5f0f
\u2460 \u5728It is+\u4e0a\u8ff0\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u6240\u8ddf\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.
\u2461 \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u52a8\u8bcd\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed+\u8fde\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u7684\u8868\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.
\u2462 \u5728\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u52a8\u8bcd\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\uff1aThe workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.
\u248a would \uff08had\uff09rather , would sooner\u4e5f\u7528\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u4e3b\u89c2\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u9700\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u73b0\u5728\u6216\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aI would rather he went right now.
\u2162\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14
\u2488 it is +necessary\u7b49\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u540e\uff0cthat\u4e3b\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u865a\u62df\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u5305\u62ecnecessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable\u7b49\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.\u6216\u8005It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
\u2489 \u5728It's (high/about) time \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u9700\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982It is high time that you went to school
\u248a \u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u5728as if / as though \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff08\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0ewish\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\uff09\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u6216\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aHe felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. \u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\u3002
\u248b \u5728lest \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u591a\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c(should )+ \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.\uff081998\u5e741\u6708\u56db\u7ea7\u7b2c38\u9898\uff09
\u248c \u5728if only \u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u611f\u53f9\u53e5\u4e2d\u9700\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u6216\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.
\u540c\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bddexcept\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fde\u8bcd\u662f\u9664\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u524d\u534a\u53e5\u8bf4\u4e70\u4e86\u793c\u7269\u7ed9\u4f60\uff0c\u540e\u534a\u53e5\u8bf4\u53ea\u662f\u94b1\u5305\u88ab\u5077\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u524d\u534a\u53e5\u662f\u5047\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u534a\u53e5\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0che would have bought a gift for you except his wallet was stolen.
虚拟语气虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气
⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。
① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your position I would marry her.
② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.
③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。
④ 但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。
⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形，例如：Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.（1996年1月四级第44题）
⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构,这时候，如果出现not等否定词，否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用，但频频出现在各类考试中出现，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.
⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达，但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达，副词otherwise等表达出来。例如：We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.（1995年6月四级第46题）值得注意的是，包含but for的句子，谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式，但包含without等短语的句子，谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。
⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来，而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里，于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句，例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里，如果主句没有用虚拟语气，或者从句用了虚拟语气，都是错的。
Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气
⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。（wish后的that 常省略），根据主句时态，从句谓语时态相应退后一位，例如：How she wished his family could go with him.
⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是，如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位置应在动词之前，而不是动词之后。例如：The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外，如suggest表达“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气，例如：Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy.
除此之外，上述动词也要求用虚拟式
① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后所跟的主语从句中，如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.
② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词，其后的表语从句中，例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.
③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中，如：The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.
⒊ would （had）rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反，例如：I would rather he went right now.
Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气
⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后，that主语从句中虚拟形式使用，这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等，例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
⒉ 在It's (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式，例如It is high time that you went to school
⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用（谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同）表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如：He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。
⒋ 在lest 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词原形。例如： The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.（1998年1月四级第38题）
⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如： Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.
When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.句中
该怎么分析“will wish”和"过去虚拟动词were" 从句意上看应该是过去式。。。那么will 在这里是该怎么理解？
首先，看从句部分：when we begin the trip，可以发现这句话是一般现在时，我们知道从句一般现在时可以表将来，这就解释了主句里面为什么有will。比如：If it rains tomorrow, i'll stay at home.这就是从句的一般现在时表将来，主句用将来时。
至于wish后面为什么会用到were，正如你所说，这是虚拟式。比如说：If i were you/ if i were a bird/ i wish i were a bird,虚拟式用过去式表示与现在将来事实相反的（还有其他的表示，如should的用法）。至于你说的wish后面+动词原形，额，我决定你可以这么理解，你看，后面they were with us,是一个完整的句子吧，可以想象成这里省略了一个that，这样，wish和后面动词的联系就浅了吧……虚拟式以后老师会系统的讲的。不懂可以直接在百度里面回复问我……
You would have known what was going on if you had listened.
你要是听了的话，就知道当时在发生什么了。
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绛旓細锛4锛夎櫄鎷熻姘斿湪涓浜涚畝鍗曞彞涓殑杩愮敤銆鈶犳儏鎬佸姩璇嶇殑杩囧幓寮忕敤浜庣幇鍦ㄦ椂鎬佹椂锛岃〃绀鸿璇濅汉璋﹁櫄銆佸姘斻佹湁绀艰矊鎴栬姘斿濠夛紝甯稿嚭鐜板湪鏃ュ父浼氳瘽涓傚锛欼t would be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to close the door?鈶＄敤浜庝竴浜涗範鎯〃杈炬硶涓傚锛歐ould you like a ...
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绛旓細鈷 鍦ㄨ〃绀烘効鏈涚殑鍔ㄨ瘝wish鍚庣殑瀹捐浠庡彞涓紝闇鐢铏氭嫙璇皵銆傦紙wish鍚庣殑that 甯哥渷鐣ワ級锛屾牴鎹富鍙鏃舵锛屼粠鍙ヨ皳璇椂鎬佺浉搴旈鍚庝竴浣嶏紝渚嬪锛欻ow she wished his family could go with him.鈷 鍦ㄥ叿鏈夋効鏈涖佽姹傘佸缓璁佸懡浠ょ瓑涓昏鎰忔効鐨勫姩璇(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order,...
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