英语中的倒装句怎么用? 英语中的倒装句怎么用
\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u5012\u88c5\u53e5\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u7528\u5b831\u3001 here\u548cthere\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\u65f6\u7684\u5012\u88c5
\u5f53\u8868\u793a\u5730\u70b9\u7684here\u548cthere\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u9996\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u540e\u9762\u5c31\u8981\u7528\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u5012\u88c5\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5012\u88c5\u53e5\u7684\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662fbe\u52a8\u8bcd\u548ccome\u3001go\u7b49\u8868\u793a\u7684\u4f4d\u79fb\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cHere is Tom(Tom\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc);Here comes the bus(\u516c\u4ea4\u6765\u4e86);There goes the bell(\u94c3\u54cd\u4e86);There goes the last train(\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u73ed\u706b\u8f66\u5f00\u8d70\u4e86)\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u6709\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5012\u88c5\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcdcome\u548cgo\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u65f6\u6001\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4Here is coming the bus;\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5012\u88c5\uff0c\u5373Here I am(\u6211\u5728\u8fd9)\uff0cHere it comes(\u5b83\u6765\u4e86);\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662fstand/lie/live\u7b49\u8868\u793a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\uff1aThere stood a desk against the wall(\u9760\u5899\u653e\u7740\u4e66\u684c)\uff0cOnce upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef(\u4ece\u524d\u6709\u4e2a\u53ebBeef\u7684\u4eba)\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
2\u3001 away\u548cdown\u7b49\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\u65f6\u7684\u5012\u88c5
\u5730\u70b9\u526f\u8bcdaway/down/in/off/out/over/round\u7b49\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u9762\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u88c5\u8bed\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5012\u88c5\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002\u5982\uff1aAway went the runners(\u8d5b\u8dd1\u9009\u624b\u4eec\u8dd1\u8fdc\u4e86);Round and round flew the plane(\u98de\u673a\u76d8\u65cb\u7740);The door opened and in came Mr Smith(\u95e8\u5f00\u4e86\uff0c\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u5148\u751f\u8fdb\u6765\u4e86)\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
3
3\u3001 \u72b6\u8bed\u6216\u8005\u8868\u8bed\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\u65f6\u7684\u5012\u88c5
\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u6301\u53e5\u5b50\u5e73\u8861\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u8854\u63a5\u7d27\u5bc6\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u5c06\u72b6\u8bed\u6216\u8005\u8868\u8bed\u7f6e\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\uff0c\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u8c13\u8bed\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u88c5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aAmong these people was his first friend Jim(\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cbJim\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5f53\u4e2d),By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand(\u5750\u5728\u7a97\u6237\u8fb9\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u624b\u91cc\u62ff\u7740\u4e00\u672c\u6742\u5fd7)\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u5728\u8868\u8bed\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\u7684\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5012\u88c5\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u5176\u540e\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\u7684\u8868\u8bed\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002
4
4\u3001 \u5206\u8bcd\u548c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7f6e\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\u7684\u5012\u88c5
\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8c13\u8bed\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u7f6e\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\uff0c\u4ece\u672a\u6784\u6210\u5012\u88c5\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aBuried in the sands was an ancient village(\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6751\u5e84\u88ab\u57cb\u5728\u8fd9\u6c99\u571f\u4e2d);Standing besides the table was his wife(\u7ad9\u5728\u684c\u65c1\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u59bb\u5b50)\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u5426\u5b9a\u526f\u8bcd\u8c13\u8bed\u53e5\u9996\u65f6\u7684\u5012\u88c5
\u82f1\u8bed\u5012\u88c5\u53e5\u7684\u7528\u6cd5
\u5012\u88c5(Inversion)\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5,\u7528\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u5b9a\u53e5\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9700\u8981\u548c\u5f3a\u8c03\u67d0\u4e00\u53e5\u5b50
\u6210\u5206\u7684\u9700\u8981.\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4e3b\u3001\u8c13\u7ed3\u6784,\u5012\u88c5\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784
\u52a0\u4ee5\u98a0\u5012.
\u5012\u88c5\u6709\u4e24\u79cd:\u5c06\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u8c13\u8bed\u5b8c\u5168\u98a0\u5012\u8fc7\u6765,\u53eb\u505a\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u88c5(Complete
Inversion).\u5982:In came a man with a white beard.
\u53ea\u5c06\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd(\u5305\u62ec\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd)\u79fb\u81f3\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e4b\u524d,\u53eb\u505a\u90e8\u5206\u5012\u88c5(Partial
Inversion).\u5982:Only once was John late to class.
\u82f1\u8bed\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u5012\u88c5\u4e00\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8bed\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9700\u8981\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5012\u88c5,\u4e8c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4fee\u8f9e\u7684\u9700
\u8981\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5012\u88c5.\u524d\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5,\u5012\u88c5\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684,\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef;\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5
\u51b5,\u5012\u88c5\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684,\u5012\u88c5\u4e0e\u5426\u53ea\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8868\u8fbe\u6548\u679c\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02.\u4e0b\u9762\u672c\u6587\u5c31\u62df\u4ece\u5176\u4fee
\u8f9e\u529f\u80fd\u8c08\u8c08\u5012\u88c5\u53e5\u7684\u7528\u6cd5.
\u4e00\u3001 \u8868\u793a\u5f3a\u8c03:
\u5012\u88c5\u53e5\u6700\u7a81\u51fa\u3001\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4fee\u8f9e\u6548\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03,\u5176\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b:
1. only +\u72b6\u8bed\u6216\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7f6e\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996,\u53e5\u5b50\u7528\u90e8\u5206\u5012\u88c5.
\u4f8b1:Only in this way can you solve this problem. \u53ea\u6709\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5,\u4f60
\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898.
\u4f8b2:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had
made a big mistake.\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bf4\u51fa\u90a3\u4e2a\u5b57\u540e\u624d\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u72af\u4e86\u4e2a\u5927\u9519\u8bef.
2. not,little,hardly,scarcely,no more,no longer,in no
way,never,seldom,not only,no sooner\u7b49\u5177\u6709\u5426\u5b9a\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd\u6216\u8bcd\u7ec4\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996,\u53e5
\u5b50\u7528\u90e8\u5206\u5012\u88c5.
\u4f8b1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. \u6211\u521a\u5230\u5bb6\u5c31\u4e0b
\u8d77\u4e86\u96e8.
\u4f8b2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. \u6211\u5f88\u5c11\u4e58\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66\u4e0a\u73ed.
3. so / such...that\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684so\u6216such\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u5012\u88c5\u53e5,\u8868\u793a
\u5f3a\u8c03so /such\u548cthat\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u90e8\u5206.
\u4f8b1:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. \u4ed6\u7684\u8981
\u4ef7\u592a\u79bb\u8c31,\u4ee4\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u77a0\u76ee\u7ed3\u820c.
\u4f8b2:To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors
walked out. \u5979\u7684\u5f69\u6392\u8fdb\u884c\u5f97\u90a3\u4e48\u957f,\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e24\u4e2a\u6f14\u5458\u90fd\u8d70\u51fa\u53bb\u4e86.
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5404\u4f8b\u90fd\u7528\u5012\u88c5\u8bed\u5e8f\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u53e5\u9996\u6210\u5206,\u5176\u8bed\u6c14\u8f83\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u5e8f\u5f3a\u70c8,\u56e0\u800c\u5177\u6709\u6781
\u4f73\u7684\u4fee\u8f9e\u6548\u679c.
\u4e8c\u3001 \u627f\u4e0a\u542f\u4e0b
\u6709\u65f6\u5012\u88c5\u53ef\u628a\u524d\u4e00\u53e5\u8bf4\u5230\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u7269,\u6216\u4e0e\u524d\u4e00\u53e5\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u7269\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u53e5\u7d27
\u63a5\u7740\u5148\u8bf4\u51fa\u6765,\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u524d\u540e\u4e24\u53e5\u5728\u610f\u601d\u4e0a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u695a,\u8854\u63a5\u66f4\u52a0\u7d27\u5bc6,\u8d77\u5230\u627f
\u4e0a\u542f\u4e0b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528.
\u4f8b1: They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying
on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. \u4ed6\u4eec\u7834\u95e8\u8fdb\u5165\u5979
\u53d4\u53d4\u7684\u5367\u5ba4,\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u8eba\u5728\u5730\u677f\u4e0a\u6b7b\u4e86.\u4e00\u6761\u68d5\u8910\u8272\u7684\u86c7\u7f20\u5728\u4ed6\u5934\u4e0a.
\u4f8b2: We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we
are, and paupers we shall remain. \u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u4e0d\u5e94\u56e0\u4e3a\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u7a77\u5149\u86cb\u800c\u6124\u6124\u4e0d
\u5e73.\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u786e\u662f\u7a77\u5149\u86cb,\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u662f\u7a77\u5149\u86cb.
\u4e09\u3001 \u5236\u9020\u60ac\u5ff5,\u6e32\u67d3\u6c14\u6c1b
\u5728\u65b0\u95fb\u6216\u6587\u5b66\u521b\u4f5c\u4e2d,\u6709\u65f6\u4e3a\u4e86\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u9700\u8981,\u6216\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03,\u4f5c\u8005\u5e38\u5e38\u8fd0\u7528\u5012
\u88c5\u6765\u5236\u9020\u60ac\u5ff5,\u6e32\u67d3\u6c14\u6c1b.\u5982:
Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. \u5899\u4e0a\u6302\u7740\u4e00\u5e45\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u56fe
\u753b.
\u518d\u5982\u6717\u8d39\u7f57(Longfellow)\u300a\u96ea\u82b1\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u8282:
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent, and soft, and slow,
Descends the snow.
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8282\u8bd7\u91cc ,\u8bd7\u4eba\u5c31\u5bcc\u6709\u521b\u610f\u5730\u8fd0\u7528\u4e86\u5012\u88c5.\u5728\u524d\u4e94\u884c\u4e2d ,\u8bd7\u4eba\u5806\u780c\u4e86\u4e03
\u4e2a\u72b6\u8bed,\u72b6\u8bed\u8fde\u7eed\u51fa\u73b0\u800c\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u8c13\u8bed\u5374\u8fdf\u8fdf\u672a\u9732 ,\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u60ac\u5ff5\u6548\u5e94.\u5168\u8282\u8bfb
\u7f62 ,\u8bfb\u8005\u624d\u5bf9\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u604d\u7136\u5927\u609f ,\u56e0\u800c\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u51e1\u54cd\u7684\u827a\u672f\u6548\u679c.
\u56db\u3001 \u5e73\u8861\u7ed3\u6784
\u82f1\u8bed\u4fee\u8f9e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u5219\u662f\u5c3e\u91cd\u539f\u5219,\u5373\u628a\u53e5\u5b50\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6210\u5206\u653e\u5728\u53e5\u5c3e\u4ee5\u4fdd
\u6301\u53e5\u5b50\u5e73\u8861.\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u4ea7\u751f\u5934\u91cd\u811a\u8f7b\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u53e5\u5b50,\u6211\u4eec\u5e38
\u91c7\u7528\u5012\u88c5\u8bed\u5e8f.
1. \u4ee5\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed\u7684\u4ecb\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u5f00\u5934:\u5f53\u4e3b\u8bed\u8f83\u957f\u6216\u4e3b\u8bed\u6240\u5e26\u4fee\u9970\u8bed\u8f83\u957f\u65f6,\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f
\u53e5\u5b50\u5e73\u8861,\u5e38\u5c06\u72b6\u8bed\u7f6e\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996,\u53e5\u5b50\u7528\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u88c5\u8bed\u5e8f.
\u4f8b1:A. To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with
orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders
from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u961f\u7684\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u6218\u58eb\u6765\u5230\u4e86\u90a3\u5ea7\u7164\u77ff,\u5949\u53f8\u4ee4\u90e8\u4e4b\u547d\u89e3\u6551\u53d7\u56f0\u7684\u77ff\u5de5.
\u4f8b2:A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be
shipped to some other cities.
B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be
shipped to some other cities.
\u5730\u4e0a\u653e\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a7a\u8c03,\u7b49\u7740\u7528\u8239\u8fd0\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u57ce\u5e02\u53bb.
\u4ece\u4f8b\u53e5\u4e2d\u53ef\u770b\u51fa, \u91c7\u7528\u5012\u88c5\u8bed\u5e8f\u7684A\u53e5\u7ed3\u6784\u5e73\u8861\u7a33\u59a5 ,\u8bfb\u8d77\u6765\u81ea\u7136\u6d41\u7545,\u800c\u91c7
\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u5e8f\u7684B\u53e5\u7ed3\u6784\u96f6\u4e71, \u8bfb\u8d77\u6765\u4e5f\u522b\u626d.\u56e0\u800c,\u5728\u4e3b\u8bed\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\u5c31\u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u5012\u88c5\u8bed
\u5e8f\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u6548\u679c.
2. \u4ee5\u8868\u8bed\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u53e5\u5b50:\u6709\u65f6\u4e3a\u4e86\u628a\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u653e\u5728\u540e\u9762,\u987b\u5c06\u8868\u8bed\u548c\u8c13\u8bed\u90fd
\u63d0\u5230\u4e3b\u8bed\u524d.\u5982:
Such would be our home in the future. \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u5bb6\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6837\u5b50.
3. \u4ee5\u526f\u8bcdhere , there\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u53e5\u5b50,\u4e5f\u91c7\u7528\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u88c5\u6765\u4fdd\u6301\u53e5\u5b50\u5e73\u8861.\u5982:
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. \u4f60\u76fc\u671b\u5df2\u4e45\u7684
\u4fe1\u5728\u8fd9\u513f.
\u4e94\u3001 \u4f7f\u63cf\u5199\u751f\u52a8
\u6709\u65f6\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u53d9\u8ff0\u6216\u63cf\u7ed8\u66f4\u52a0\u751f\u52a8\u5f62\u8c61,\u589e\u52a0\u8bed\u8a00\u6548\u679c,\u53ef\u5c06\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u526f\u8bcd
(\u5982:down, up, out, in, off, on, away\u7b49)\u6216\u62df\u58f0\u8bcd(bang, crack\u7b49)\u7f6e\u4e8e\u53e5
\u9996,\u53e5\u5b50\u91c7\u7528\u5168\u90e8\u5012\u88c5\u7684\u8bed\u5e8f(\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e3a\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u9664\u5916).\u5982:
Up went the rocket into the air. \u55d6\u5730\u4e00\u58f0\u706b\u7bad\u5c31\u98de\u4e0a\u5929\u4e86.
Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman
pointed his pistol at him. \u5f53\u8b66\u5bdf\u628a\u624b\u67aa\u7784\u51c6\u90a3\u4e2a\u7f6a\u72af\u65f6,\u562d\u5730\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ed6\u5c31\u4ece\u4e09
\u697c\u8df3\u4e86\u4e0b\u53bb.
Boom went the cannon! \u8f70\u9686\u4e00\u58f0\u5927\u70ae\u5f00\u706b\u4e86!
Bang came another shot!\u7830!\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u58f0\u67aa\u54cd!
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53e5\u5b50\u7b80\u6d01\u660e\u5feb ,\u751f\u52a8\u903c\u771f\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u52a8\u4f5c ,\u4ee4\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u89c8\u6b64\u7c7b\u5012\u88c5\u7684\u98ce
\u91c7.\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u5012\u88c5\u53e5\u7684\u4fee\u8f9e\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u8bed\u6bb5\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f53\u73b0\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u6e05\u695a.
\u201cStop thief! Stop thief!\u201d There is a magic cry in the sound.
The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell\u2014mell,
helter\u2014skelter, yelling\u2014screaming, ...
\u201cStop thief ! Stop thief !\u201d The cry is taking by a hundred
voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the
window, out run the people. ( Dickens )
\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6bb5\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6bb5\u4e2d\u5206\u522b\u7528\u526f\u8bcdaway, up\u548cout\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\u5f15\u51fa\u56db\u4e2a\u5012\u88c5
\u53e5Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the
people.\u4ece\u800c\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u7d27\u5f20\u3001\u6025\u4fc3\u7684\u6c14\u6c1b ,\u751f\u52a8\u5730\u523b\u753b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d27\u5f20\u3001\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u6349\u8d3c\u573a\u9762.
倒装(Inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子
成分的需要。英语的最基本结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的结构
加以颠倒。
倒装有两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(Complete
Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard.
只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial
Inversion)。如:Only once was John late to class.
英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需
要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情
况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。下面本文就拟从其修
辞功能谈谈倒装句的用法。
一、 表示强调:
倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:
1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。
例1:Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你
才可以解决这个问题。
例2:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had
made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。
2. not,little,hardly,scarcely,no more,no longer,in no
way,never,seldom,not only,no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句
子用部分倒装。
例1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下
起了雨。
例2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。
3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示
强调so /such和that之间的部分。
例1:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要
价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。
例2:To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors
walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。
以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极
佳的修辞效果。
二、 承上启下
有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧
接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承
上启下的作用。
例1: They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying
on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她
叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。
例2: We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we
are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不
平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。
三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛
在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒
装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如:
Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图
画。
再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节:
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent, and soft, and slow,
Descends the snow.
在这一节诗里 ,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中 ,诗人堆砌了七
个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露 ,造成一种悬念效应。全节读
罢 ,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。
四、 平衡结构
英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保
持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常
采用倒装语序。
1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使
句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。
例1:A. To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with
orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders
from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。
例2:A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be
shipped to some other cities.
B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be
shipped to some other cities.
地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。
从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采
用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语
序以取得理想的表达效果。
2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都
提到主语前。如:
Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。
3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。如:
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的
信在这儿。
五、 使描写生动
有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词
(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句
首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。如:
Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。
Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman
pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三
楼跳了下去。
Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了!
Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响!
以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风
采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。
“Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound.
The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell,
helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ...
“Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred
voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the
window, out run the people. ( Dickens )
作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装
句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the
people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。
绛旓細瀛愮敤閮ㄥ垎鍊掕.渚1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 鎴戝垰鍒板灏变笅 璧蜂簡闆.渚2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 鎴戝緢灏戜箻鍏叡姹借溅涓婄彮.3. so / such...that缁撴瀯涓殑so鎴杝uch浣嶄簬鍙ラ鍙互鏋勬垚閮ㄥ垎鍊掕鍙,琛ㄧず 寮鸿皟so /such鍜宼hat涔嬮棿鐨勯儴鍒.渚1:So unreasonable was...
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绛旓細鑻辫鍙ュ瓙琛ㄨ揪鐨勫熀鏈搴忔槸鈥滀富璇+璋撹鈥.浣嗗湪瀹為檯搴旂敤涓,鍥犺娉曠粨鏋勭殑闇瑕,鎴栨槸涓轰簡寮鸿皟,甯告妸璋撹绉诲埌涓昏涔嬪墠,绉颁负鍊掕.鑻辫鐨勫掕缁撴瀯鏈変袱绉,鍏朵腑杈冧负甯歌鐨勬槸閮ㄥ垎鍊掕,鍗宠皳璇殑涓閮ㄥ垎绉诲埌涓昏涔嬪墠.濡傦細Only when the war was over could he begin to work again锛庡彧鏈夊湪鎴樹簤缁撴潫鍚庝粬鎵嶈兘澶熼噸鏂...
绛旓細鑻辫鍊掕鍙ョ殑鐢ㄦ硶 涓锛氬畾涔 鍦ㄨ嫳璇腑锛屼富璇拰璋撹鐨勮搴忛氬父鏄富璇湪鍓嶏紝璋撹鍦ㄥ悗銆備絾鏈夋椂鐢变簬璇硶鎴栦慨杈炵殑闇瑕佸皢璋撹鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎鎴栨暣涓皳璇彁鍒颁富璇墠闈紝杩欐牱鐨勮搴忓彨鍋氣滃掕鈥濊搴忋備簩锛氬掕鍙ョ殑绫诲瀷 1锛閮ㄥ垎鍊掕--- 鍔╁姩璇峔鎯呮佸姩璇+涓昏+璋撹鐨勫疄涔夊姩璇嶅瀷 2锛夊叏鍊掕--- 璋撹+涓昏鍨 涓夛細鍦ㄤ互涓...
绛旓細(鐘惰浠庡彞涓璇彁鍓) 7. 鍚﹀畾璇嶄綅浜庡彞棣栨椂寮曡捣鐨勫掕(1). never,seldom,hardly,little,few绛夊紩璧风殑鍊掕鍚﹀畾璇峮ever,seldom,rarely,hardly,barely,scarcely,little,few绛変綅浜庡彞棣栨椂鎵寮曡捣鐨勫掕鍙ラ氬父涓閮ㄥ垎鍊掕褰㈠紡,濡傛灉璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝涓篵e鐨勪竴鑸幇鍦ㄦ椂鎴栦竴鑸繃鍘绘椂,鍒欎负瀹屽叏鍊掕褰㈠紡銆傚:Never shall I forget the ...
绛旓細鑻辫鍊掕鍙鐨勭敤娉曞綊绾冲涓嬶細涓銆佸叏閮ㄥ掕 鍏ㄩ儴鍊掕鏄寚鏁翠釜璋撹閮ㄥ垎閮芥斁鍦ㄤ富璇箣鍓嶃傚叏閮ㄥ掕缁忓父鐢ㄥ湪璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝鏄痓e鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勭枒闂彞涓紝鎴栬呮槸鍓瘝璇嶇粍銆佸垎璇嶈瘝缁勪互鍙婁粙璇嶈瘝缁勬斁鍦ㄥ彞棣栨墍浣跨敤鐨勫掕銆1銆乼here+be缁撴瀯銆傝繖鏄垜浠兘姣旇緝鐔熸倝鐨勫彞鍨嬬粨鏋勶紝澶у瑕佺煡閬撹繖绉嶅彞瀛愮粨鏋勬槸鍏ㄩ儴鍊掕銆傞渶瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄紝be鍔ㄨ瘝涓鑸...
绛旓細(1) 浠ヤ笂鍊掕鍙ヤ腑鐨璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝come鍜実o涓嶈兘鐢ㄨ繘琛屾椂鎬侊紝鍗充笉鑳借 Here is coming the bus銆(2) 鑻ヤ富璇负浠ｈ瘝锛屽垯涓嶅掕锛欻ere I am. 鎴戝湪杩欏効銆/ 鎴戞潵浜嗐侶ere it comes. 瀹冩潵浜嗐(3) 鍏朵腑鐨勫姩璇嶆湁鏃朵篃鍙兘鏄痵tand, lie, live绛夎〃绀虹姸鎬佺殑鍔ㄨ瘝(琛ㄧず瀛樺湪)锛歍here stood a desk against ...
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