醛和酮之间转化 化学高手请告诉我：/醛、酮、羧酸/三者之间的关系
\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u9187\u548c\u916e\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\uff1f\u53cd\u5e94\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5728\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u7f9f\u57fa\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4ef2\u9187\u3001\u53d4\u9187\uff09\u8131\u6c34\u5f62\u6210\u70ef\u70c3\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u7840\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u9ec4\u539f\u9178\u916f\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u8131\u6c34\u5242\uff08Martin Sulfurane \u548cBurgess\u8131\u6c34\u5242\uff09\u7684\u8131\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u4e88\u4ee5\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff08\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u8131\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u7eed\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff09\u3002
\u9ec4\u539f\u9178\u916f\u6d88\u9664
\u9ec4\u539f\u9178\u916f\u6d88\u9664\u4e5f\u53ebChugaeve(\u695a\u52a0\u8036\u592b)\u6d88\u9664\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7f9f\u57fa\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5728\u78b1\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u548c\u4e8c\u786b\u5316\u78b3\u4ee5\u53ca\u7898\u7532\u70f7\u53cd\u5e94\u5f62\u6210\u9ec4\u539f\u9178\u916f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u52a0\u70ed\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u516d\u5143\u73af\u8fc7\u6e21\u6001\uff0c\u987a\u5f0f\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u70ef\u70c3\uff0c\u653e\u51fa\u786b\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u548c\u786b\u9187\uff0c\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u78b3\u67b6\u7684\u5f02\u6784\u548c\u53cc\u952e\u7684\u8fc1\u79fb\u3002
Martin\u8bd5\u5242
Martin\u8bd5\u5242\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ebMartin sulfurane, \u53cc[a,a-\u53cc(\u4e09\u6c1f\u7532\u57fa)\u82ef\u4e59\u9187]-\u4e8c\u82ef\u57fa\u786b\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u5982\u56fe3\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6e29\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8131\u6c34\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u6c34\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u624b\u5957\u7bb1\u4e2d\u3002
\u919b\u57fa\u662f\u7fb0\u57fa(-CO-)\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c22\u8fde\u63a5\u800c\u6210\u7684\u57fa\u56e2\u3002
\u916e\u662f\u7fb0\u57fa\u4e0e\u4e24\u4e2a\u70c3\u57fa\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269(\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b66\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u67d0\u57fa\u00b7\u67d0\u57fa\u7532\u916e\u201d)\u3002
\u7fa7\u57fa\u2014COOH\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u901a\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f0f\u4e2dR\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6c22 \u3001\u94fe\u70c3\u57fa\u3001\u73af\u70c3\u57fa\u6216\u82b3\u70c3\u57fa
\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u4e8e\u7f9f\u57fa\u6709\u5173
\u919b(aldehyde)\uff1a\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\uff0c\u662f\u919b\u57fa(-CHO)\u548c\u70c3\u57fa\uff08\u6216\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\u800c\u6210\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002
\u7ed3\u6784
\u919b\u7684\u901a\u5f0f\u4e3aR-CHO\uff0c-CHO\u4e3a\u919b\u57fa\u3002
\u919b\u57fa\u662f\u7fb0\u57fa(-CO-)\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c22\u8fde\u63a5\u800c\u6210\u7684\u57fa\u56e2\u3002
\u5206\u7c7b
\u6309\u7167\u70c3\u57fa\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u919b\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u8102\u80aa\u919b\u548c\u82b3\u9999\u919b\u3002 \u82b3\u9999\u919b\u7684\u7fb0\u57fa\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u5728\u82b3\u9999\u73af\u4e0a\u3002
\u6309\u7167\u7fb0\u57fa\u7684\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u919b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e00\u5143\u919b\u548c\u591a\u5143\u919b\u3002
\u547d\u540d
\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u916e\u5e38\u7528\u666e\u901a\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u3002
\u82b3\u9999\u919b\u4e2d\u82b3\u57fa\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u6765\u547d\u540d\u3002
\u591a\u5143\u919b\u547d\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u9009\u53d6\u542b\u7fb0\u57fa\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u78b3\u94fe\u4f5c\u4e3b\u94fe\uff0c\u5e76\u6807\u660e\u7fb0\u57fa\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u7fb0\u57fa\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u3002
\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u919b\u7684\u547d\u540d\u9664\u7fb0\u57fa\u7684\u7f16\u53f7\u5e94\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0f\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u952e\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
\u8bb8\u591a\u5929\u7136\u919b\u90fd\u6709\u4fd7\u540d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8089\u6842\u919b(cinnamaldehyde)\uff0c\u8334\u9999\u919b(anisaldehyde)\uff0c\u89c6\u9ec4\u919b\u7b49(retinal)\u3002
\u916e\u662f\u7fb0\u57fa\u4e0e\u4e24\u4e2a\u70c3\u57fa\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269(\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b66\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u67d0\u57fa\u00b7\u67d0\u57fa\u7532\u916e\u201d)\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u70c3\u57fa\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u8102\u80aa\u916e\u548c\u82b3\u9999\u916e\uff0c\u9971\u548c\u916e\u548c\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u916e\u3002\u6309\u7fb0\u57fa\u6570\u76ee\u53c8\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e00\u5143\u916e\u3001\u4e8c\u5143\u916e\u548c\u591a\u5143\u916e\u3002\u7fb0\u57fa\u5d4c\u5728\u73af\u5185\u7684\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u73af\u5185\u916e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u73af\u5df1\u916e\u3002\u4e00\u5143\u916e\u4e2d\uff0c\u7fb0\u57fa\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u70c3\u57fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u79f0\u5355\u916e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e19\u916e(\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u916e)\u3002\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e3a\u6df7\u916e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u82ef\u4e59\u916e(\u82ef\u57fa\u00b7\u7532\u57fa\u7532\u916e)\u3002\u916e\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u6c22\u952e\uff0c\u5176\u6cb8\u70b9\u4f4e\u4e8e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u9187\uff0c\u4f46\u7fb0\u57fa\u6c27\u80fd\u548c\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u6c22\u952e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f4e\u78b3\u6570\u916e(\u4f4e\u7ea7\u916e)\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3002\u4f4e\u7ea7\u916e\u662f\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4ee4\u4eba\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u6c14\u5473\uff0c\u9ad8\u78b3\u6570\u916e(\u9ad8\u7ea7\u916e)\u662f\u56fa\u4f53\u3002\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u6d3b\u6cfc\uff0c\u6613\u4e0e\u6c22\u6c30\u9178\u3001\u683c\u5229\u96c5\u8bd5\u5242\u3001\u7f9f\u80fa\u3001\u9187\u7b49\u53d1\u751f\u4eb2\u6838\u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b\u53ef\u8fd8\u539f\u6210\u9187\u3002\u53d7\u7fb0\u57fa\u7684\u6781\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6709\u03b1-H\u7684\u916e\u53ef\u53d1\u751f\u5364\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94\uff1b\u5728\u78b1\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7532\u57fa\u7684\u916e\u53ef\u53d1\u751f\u5364\u4eff\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u7531\u4ef2\u9187\u6c27\u5316\u3001\u82b3\u70c3\u7684\u9170\u5316\u548c\u7fa7\u9178\u884d\u751f\u7269\u4e0e\u6709\u673a\u91d1\u5c5e\u5316\u5408\u7269\u53cd\u5e94\u5236\u5907\u3002\u4e19\u916e\u3001\u73af\u5df1\u916e\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5316\u5de5\u539f\u6599\u3002
\u542b\u6709\u7fa7\u57fa\u2014COOH\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u901a\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f0f\u4e2dR\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6c22 \u3001\u94fe\u70c3\u57fa\u3001\u73af\u70c3\u57fa\u6216\u82b3\u70c3\u57fa \u3002\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0e\u7fa7\u57fa\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u70c3\u57fa\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u3001\u82b3\u9999\u9178\u3001\u9971\u548c\u9178\u548c\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u9178\u7b49\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7fa7\u57fa\u6570\u76ee\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e00\u5143\u7fa7\u9178\u3001\u4e8c\u5143\u7fa7\u9178\u548c\u591a\u5143\u7fa7\u9178\u3002\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u8102\u80aa\u6c34\u89e3\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5f97\u540d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002
\u65e9\u671f\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u7fa7\u9178\u901a\u5e38\u6839\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u547d\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7532\u9178\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7531\u84b8\u998f\u8d64\u8681\u5236\u5f97\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u8681\u9178\uff1b\u4e59\u9178\u6700\u521d\u7531\u98df\u918b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u918b\u9178\uff1b\u4e01\u9178\u5177\u6709\u9178\u8d25\u725b\u5976\u6c14\u5473\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u916a\u9178\uff1b\u5df1\u9178\u3001\u8f9b\u9178\u3001\u7678\u9178\u53c8\u5206\u522b\u79f0\u4e3a\u7f8a\u6cb9\u9178\u3001\u7f8a\u8102\u9178\u3001\u7f8a\u8721\u9178\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5c71\u7f8a\u7684\u8102\u80aa\u4e2d\uff1b\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5b89\u606f\u9999\u80f6\u4e2d\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b89\u606f\u9999\u9178 \u3002\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7fa7\u9178\u6309\u666e\u901a\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u9009\u542b\u6709\u7fa7\u57fa\u7684\u6700\u957f\u78b3\u94fe\u4e3a\u4e3b\u94fe\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ece\u7fa7\u57fa\u90bb\u63a5\u7684\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7528\u5e0c\u814a\u5b57\u6bcda\u3001\u03b2\u3001\u03b3\u3001\u03b4\u7b49\u4f9d\u6b21\u6807\u660e \uff1b \u82b3\u9999\u9178\u5f53\u4f5c\u82ef\u7532\u9178\u7684\u884d\u751f\u7269\u6765\u547d\u540d\uff1b\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7fa7\u9178\u6309\u56fd\u9645\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u9009\u542b\u6709\u7fa7\u57fa\u7684\u6700\u957f\u78b3\u94fe\u4e3a\u4e3b\u94fe\uff0c\u4ece\u7fa7\u57fa\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b\u8102\u80aa\u65cf\u4e8c\u5143\u7fa7\u9178\u7684\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u53d6\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7fa7\u57fa\u7684\u6700\u957f\u78b3\u94fe\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u94fe\uff0c\u52a0\u53d6\u4ee3\u57fa\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
\u4f4e\u7ea7\u8102\u80aa\u9178C1\uff5eC3\u662f\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u523a\u9f3b\u7684\u6c14\u5473 \uff0c \u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3002\u4e2d\u7ea7\u8102\u80aa\u9178C4\uff5eC10\u4e5f\u662f\u6db2\u4f53\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u96be\u95fb\u7684\u6c14\u5473\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3002\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u662f\u8721\u72b6\u56fa\u4f53\uff0c\u65e0\u5473\uff0c\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u3002\u4e8c\u5143\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u548c\u82b3\u9999\u9178\u90fd\u662f\u7ed3\u6676\u56fa\u4f53\uff0c\u82b3\u9999\u9178\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ece\u6c34\u4e2d\u91cd\u7ed3\u6676\uff0c\u9971\u548c\u4e8c\u5143\u7fa7\u9178\u9664\u9ad8\u7ea7\u540c\u7cfb\u7269\u5916\uff0c\u90fd\u6613\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\u548c\u4e59\u9187 \u3002\u7fa7\u9178\u7684\u6cb8\u70b9\u6bd4\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u9187\u7684\u6cb8\u70b9\u9ad8\u3002\u76f4\u94fe\u9971\u548c\u4e00\u5143\u7fa7\u9178\u548c\u4e8c\u5143\u7fa7\u9178\u7684\u7194\u70b9\u968f\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u6570\u76ee\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u5448\u952f\u9f7f\u72b6\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u542b\u5076\u6570\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u7fa7\u9178\u7684\u7194\u70b9\u9ad8\u4e8e\u90bb\u8fd1\u4e24\u4e2a\u542b\u5947\u6570\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u7fa7\u9178\u3002\u7fa7\u9178\u6700\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u9178\u6027\uff0c\u7fa7\u9178\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f31\u9178\uff0c\u5176\u9178\u6027\u6bd4\u78b3\u9178\u5f3a\u3002\u7fa7\u9178\u80fd\u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u6216\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u5f62\u6210\u76d0\u3002\u7fa7\u9178\u7684\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u76d0\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u6eb6\u89e3\u5ea6\u6bd4\u76f8\u5e94\u7fa7\u9178\u5927\uff0c\u4f4e\u7ea7\u548c\u4e2d\u7ea7\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u76d0\u80fd\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34\uff0c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u78b1\u91d1\u5c5e\u76d0\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u80f6\u4f53\u6eb6\u6db2 \uff0c\u80a5\u7682\u5c31\u662f\u957f\u94fe\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u94a0\u3002
\u7fa7\u9178\u4e0e\u9187\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u916f\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u916f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u916f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u7fa7\u9178\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6210\u662f\u7fa7\u57fa\u4e2d\u7684\u7f9f\u57fa\u88ab\u70f7\u6c27\u57fa\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u7fa7\u9178\u4e2d\u7684\u7f9f\u57fa\u4e5f\u53ef\u88ab\u5364\u7d20\u3001\u7fa7\u9178\u6839\u548c\u6c28\u57fa\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u751f\u6210\u9170\u5364\u3001\u9178\u9150\u548c\u9170\u80fa\u7b49\u884d\u751f\u7269\u3002\u7fa7\u9178\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u50ac\u5316\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u6c22\u5316\u94dd\u9502\u6216\u4e59\u787c\u70f7\u8fd8\u539f\u6210\u4e00\u7ea7\u9187\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4e00\u5143\u7fa7\u9178\u6216\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u76d0\u53d7\u70ed\u5373\u53d1\u751f\u8131\u7fa7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e59\u9178\u94a0\u4e0e\u82cf\u6253\u3001\u77f3\u7070\u5171\u70ed\u5373\u8131\u7fa7\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u7532\u70f7\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u4e8c\u5143\u7fa7\u9178\u53d7\u70ed\u540e\u7531\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u7fa7\u57fa\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8131\u7fa7\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8131\u6c34\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u540c\u65f6\u8131\u6c34 \u3001\u8131\u7fa7 \u3002\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u7684a\u6c22\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u6c22\u6d3b\u6cfc \uff0c\u80fd\u88ab\u5364\u7d20\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u82b3\u9999\u9178\u7684\u82b3\u73af\u4e5f\u53ef\u53d1\u751f\u5364\u4ee3\u3001\u78fa\u5316\u548c\u785d\u5316\u7b49\u53d6\u4ee3\u53cd\u5e94\u3002
R-C-H
^^||
^^O
酮的通式是
R-C-R'
^^||
^^O
二者结构不同，醛的羰基在端部，酮的羰基在中间，二者不会直接相互转化的。
醛和酮均可由醇氧化而来，伯醇（羟基在端部）氧化成醛，仲醇（羟基在中间）氧化成酮。
解析：
伯醇经灼热的铜丝催化而制得醛。
仲醇经灼热的铜丝催化而制得酮。
伯醇通式：r-ch2-oh
仲醇通式：r1-ch-oh
|
r2
绛旓細浜岃呯粨鏋勪笉鍚岋紝閱涚殑缇板熀鍦ㄧ閮紝閰殑缇板熀鍦ㄤ腑闂达紝浜岃呬笉浼氱洿鎺ョ浉浜掕浆鍖栫殑銆閱涘拰閰潎鍙敱閱囨哀鍖栬屾潵锛屼集閱囷紙缇熷熀鍦ㄧ閮級姘у寲鎴愰啗锛屼徊閱囷紙缇熷熀鍦ㄤ腑闂达級姘у寲鎴愰叜銆
绛旓細閰浆鍖栦负閱涚殑鏉′欢锛氶叜涓婅繛涓涓緹鍩哄氨鏄晶閰銆傚湪鏈夋満鍖栧鍚堟垚涓紝浠庣緹鍩猴紙鍖呮嫭浠查唶銆佸彅閱囷級鑴辨按褰㈡垚鐑儍鐨勮浆鍖栨槸涓绫婚潪甯搁噸瑕佺殑杞寲锛屽叾涓粡鍏哥殑鍙嶅簲灏辨槸鍩虹鏈夋満鍖栧涓殑榛勫師閰搁叝娑堥櫎锛岄櫎姝や箣澶栵紝甯哥敤鐨勬槸涓や釜鑴辨按鍓傦紙Martin Sulfurane 鍜孊urgess鑴辨按鍓傦級鐨勮劚姘村弽搴斻傜粨鏋 閱涚殑閫氬紡涓篟CHO锛-CHO涓洪啗鍩...
绛旓細4.閰叝鍖栨硶锛氶叜鍙互閫氳繃涓庨吀閰愭垨閰版隘鍙嶅簲鐢熸垚鐩稿簲鐨勯叜閰紝鐒跺悗閫氳繃姘磋В鍙嶅簲灏嗛叜閰浆鍖栦负閱銆傝繖绉嶆柟娉曞彲浠ュ湪鍚堟垚涓紩鍏ラ啗鍩猴紝骞朵笖鍙互閫夋嫨鎬у湴鎺у埗鍙嶅簲鐨勪綅缃拰绔嬩綋鍖栧銆5.閰叞鑳哄寲娉曪細閰彲浠ラ氳繃涓庤兒鍙嶅簲鐢熸垚鐩稿簲鐨勯叜閰拌兒锛岀劧鍚庨氳繃鑴辨按鍙嶅簲灏嗛叜閰拌兒杞寲涓洪啗銆傝繖绉嶆柟娉曞彲浠ュ湪鍚堟垚涓紩鍏ラ啗鍩猴紝骞朵笖鍙互閫夋嫨...
绛旓細閱涢叜缂╁悎鍙嶅簲鍗崇緹閱涚缉鍚堝弽搴锛屾槸鎸囧叿鏈壩-H鐨勯啗鎴栭叜锛屽湪纰卞偓鍖栦笅鐢熸垚纰宠礋绂诲瓙锛岀劧鍚庣⒊璐熺瀛愪綔涓轰翰鏍歌瘯鍓傚閱涙垨閰繘琛屼翰鏍稿姞鎴愶紝鐢熸垚尾锛嶇緹鍩洪啗锛屛诧紞缇熷熀閱涘彈鐑劚姘寸敓鎴愇-尾涓嶉ケ鍜岄啗鎴栭叜銆傚湪绋纰辨垨绋閰哥殑浣滅敤涓嬶紝涓ゅ垎瀛愮殑閱涙垨閰彲浠ヤ簰鐩镐綔鐢紝鍏朵腑涓涓啗锛堟垨閰級鍒嗗瓙涓殑伪-姘㈠姞鍒板彟涓涓啗锛...
绛旓細棣栧厛锛岄啗鍜岄唶閮藉叿鏈夎繕鍘熸с1銆佽姘ф皵姘у寲,鍗崇噧鐑с2銆侀唶鍙互鍏堣姘у寲鍒伴啗(鍔犵儹锛岄摐鎴栭摱浣滃偓鍖栧墏)锛屽啀琚哀鍖栨垚缇ч吀銆傞啗鍙互閫氳繃閾堕暅鍙嶅簲(鍐嶉吀鍖)鎴栦笌姘㈡哀鍖栭摐鍙嶅簲琚哀鍖栨垚缇ч吀銆傚叾娆★紝閱涘洜涓哄惈鏈夌⒊姘у弻閿紝鍙互閫氳繃鍔犳垚姘㈡皵琚繕鍘燂紝鍥犺屾嫢鏈夋哀鍖栨с
绛旓細杩欎釜绛旀闈炲父骞挎硾鐨勩傝浣閱銆閰浆鍖涓洪唶灏辨槸浣跨敤杩樺師鍓傝繕鍘燂紝姣斿鍌寲鍔犳阿杩樺師锛屾阿鍖栭摑閿傝繕鍘燂紝纭兼阿鍖栭挔杩樺師绛夌瓑锛屽鏋滆瀹屽叏渚嬩妇鐨勮瘽锛岃繖浜涙潯浠跺拰璇曞墏鎭愭曞尯鍖10000瀛楁槸杩滆繙涓嶅鐨勶紝濡傛灉浣犳湁鍏磋叮鐨勮瘽锛屽彲浠ュ幓鐪嬬湅銆婃湁鏈哄寲瀛︺嬫暀鏉愶紝闇瑕佹洿鍏ㄩ潰鐨勭瓟妗堝彲浠ョ湅鐪嬨婂畼鑳藉洟杞寲澶у叏銆嬭繖鏈功锛屽嚑涔庢墍鏈夌殑鏉′欢閮...
绛旓細缇閱缂╁悎浠庢満鐞嗕笂璁诧紝鏄⒊璐熺瀛愬缇板熀纰崇殑浜叉牳鍔犳垚锛岄啗鎴閰鍒嗗瓙涓殑缇板熀缁撴瀯浣课辩⒊鍘熷瓙涓婄殑姘㈠師瀛愬叿鏈夎緝澶х殑娲绘э紝鍦ㄩ吀鎬у偓鍖栧墏浣滅敤涓嬶紝缇板熀姘у師瀛愯川瀛愬寲锛屽寮轰簡缇板熀鐨勮瀵间綔鐢ㄤ績杩浳 姘㈣В绂荤敓鎴愮儻閱囥傚湪绋纰辨垨绋閰哥殑浣滅敤涓嬶紝涓ゅ垎瀛愮殑閱涙垨閰彲浠ヤ簰鐩镐綔鐢紝鍏朵腑涓涓啗锛堟垨閰級鍒嗗瓙涓殑伪-姘㈠姞鍒板彟...
绛旓細寮辨哀鍖栧墏鐨勯瓟鍔涘湪浜庡畠浠兘灏閱涜浆鍖涓哄悓绛夌⒊鍘熷瓙鏁扮殑缇ч吀锛岃屽閰鍗存棤鍔ㄤ簬琛枫俆ollens璇曞墏锛岀閰搁摱鐨勬皑婧舵恫锛屼互鍏堕摱闀滃弽搴旀彮绀洪啗鐨勭壒鎬э紝涓庨啗鍙嶅簲鐢熸垚缇ч吀鍜岄摱闀滐紝鑰孎ehling璇曞墏鍒欎互纭吀閾滀笌閰掔煶閰搁捑閽犵殑浼橀泤閰嶅悎锛屽尯鍒嗗嚭鑴傝偑(鐜)閱涗笌鑺抽閱涚殑鐙壒鍙嶅簲锛屽叾涓簩浠烽摐绂诲瓙鐨勮繕鍘熺敓鎴愮爾绾㈣壊鐨勬哀鍖栦簹閾滐紝鐘瑰...
绛旓細R-COH + [O] = R-COOH 閱囨哀鍖栨垚閱闇瑕佹瘮杈冨急鐨勬哀鍖栧墏锛屽洜涓虹敓鎴愮殑閱涙槸涓涓緢瀹规槗琚哀鍖栫殑鐗╄川锛岀敋鑷冲湪绌烘皵涓氨鍙互琚哀鍖栨垚缇ч吀銆備笂杩板弽搴斾腑濡傛灉閱囨槸杩欑褰㈠紡 R-COH-R 鍒欐哀鍖栫殑浜х墿灏辨槸閰 2R-COH-R' + [O] = 2R-CO-R + H2O 閰笉浼氳缁х画姘у寲锛屽畠寰堢ǔ瀹氥傝繖涓弽搴斿彲浠ュ湪閰告х殑楂橀敯...
绛旓細鍙互鐢ㄩ摱姘ㄦ憾娑叉垨鑰呮阿姘у寲閾滄潵閴村埆閰拰閱銆1銆侀摱闀滃弽搴 閾舵皑缁滃悎鐗(姘ㄩ摱閰嶅悎鐗,鍙堢О鎵樹鸡璇曞墏)鍙互琚啗绫诲寲鍚堢墿杩樺師涓洪摱锛岃岄啗琚哀鍖栦负鐩稿簲鐨勭晶閰告牴绂诲瓙锛岀敓鎴愮殑閾堕檮鐫鍦ㄥ鍣ㄥ涓婂厜浜闀溿傚洜姝わ紝鍦ㄦ牱鍝佹憾娑蹭腑鍔犲叆閾舵皑缁滃悎鐗╋紝鐢熸垚閾堕暅鐨勫嵆涓洪啗锛屼笉鐢熸垚鐨勪负閰2銆佹阿姘у寲閾滈壌鍒硶 閱涚被鍙互涓庢柊鍒...
