【1】标准状况下,将224L氯化氢气体溶于水配成2L溶液，求（1）标况下224L氯化氢气体的体积
\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06224L\u6c2f\u5316\u6c22\u6c14\u4f53\u89e3\uff1a\uff081\uff09224L\u7684\u6c2f\u5316\u6c22\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1an(HCl) = V / Vm = 224 / 22.4 = 10mol\u5219\uff0c\u6c2f\u5316\u6c22\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1am(HCl) = n * M = 10 * 36.5 = 365g\u914d\u5236\u6210\u7684\u6c2f\u5316\u6c22\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u603b\u8d28\u91cf\u662f\uff1am(\u6eb6\u6db2) = m(HCl) + m(\u6c34) = 365 + 635*1 = 1000g\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u662f\uff1a w(HCl) = m(HCl) / m(\u6eb6\u6db2) = 365 / 1000 = 36.5%\uff082\uff09\u7a00\u91ca\u524d\u76d0\u9178\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u79ef\u662f\uff1a V(\u603b) = m(\u6eb6\u6db2) / p(\u6eb6\u6db2) = 1000 / 1.18 = 847.5mL\u5219\u53d6100mL\u7684\u76d0\u9178\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u7684\u6c2f\u5316\u6c22\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u662f\uff1a n\uff08\u53d6)= 100 / 847.5 * n(HCl) = 100 / 847.5 * 10 = 1.18mol\u7a00\u91ca\u52301.45L\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\u662f\uff1a c(HCl) = n(\u53d6) / V(\u7a00\u91ca\u540e) = 1.18 / 1.45 = 0.81mol/L\u7efc\uff1a\u7a00\u91ca\u524d\u8be5\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u662f36.5% \uff1b\u53d6100mL\u76d0\u9178\u7a00\u91ca\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\u662f 0.81mol/L \u3002
36.5\u00d7224/22.4\u662f\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4f60\u61c2\u5427
\uff0b635\u5219\u662f\u6c34\u7684\u8d28\u91cf
\u8d28\u91cf=\u5bc6\u5ea6*\u4f53\u79ef
\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570=\u6240\u6c42\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u8d28\u91cf/\u603b\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u603b\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5c31\u662f\u6c34\u548c\u76d0\u9178
c=(224/22.4)/2=5mol/L
n=98/98=1mol
c=1/1=1mol/L
绛旓細HCl鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲=224/22.4=10mol HCl鐨勮川閲=10*36.5=365鍏 婧舵恫鐨勮川閲365+835=1200鍏 婧舵恫鐨勪綋绉=1200/1.2=1000cm3=1L 鎵寰楃洂閰哥殑鐗╄川鐨勯噺娴撳害涓篲_10/1=10mol/L___.
绛旓細瑙ｏ細鐢变簬婧舵恫鐨勮川閲忕瓑浜庢憾璐ㄥ姞婧跺墏锛岃孒Cl鏈224/22.4=10mol锛屸埓m锛圚Cl锛=n锛圚Cl锛壜稭锛圚Cl锛=10路36.5=365g锛宮锛圚20锛=635g锛堟按鐨勫瘑搴︽槸1g/cm3锛夆埓鐩愰厤璐ㄩ噺m涓簃锛圚Cl锛+m锛圚20锛=1000g锛屽叾涓璈Cl鐨勮川閲忓垎鏁颁负36.5%銆傝10mL鐩愰吀鐨勮川閲忎负1.18脳10=11.8g锛屽叾涓惈HCl11.8g脳36.5%=4....
绛旓細锛1锛224LHCl鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忎负 224L 22.4L/mol =10mol锛孒Cl鐨勮川閲忎负10mol脳36.5g/mol=365g锛635mL姘寸殑璐ㄩ噺涓635mL脳1g/mL=635g锛屾晠婧舵恫鐨勮川閲忎负锛635g+365g=1000g锛屾晠鎵寰楃洂閰哥殑浣撶Н= 1000g 1200g/L = 5 6 L锛屾墍寰楃洂閰哥殑鐗╄川鐨勯噺娴撳害涓猴細c= 10mol ...
绛旓細锛1锛塶锛圚Cl锛=224L22.4L/mol=10mol锛宮锛圚Cl锛=10mol脳36.5g?mol-1=365g锛635mL姘寸殑璐ㄩ噺涓635mL脳1g/mL=635g锛岀洂閰哥殑璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟w=365g365g+635g脳100%=36.5%锛宑锛圚Cl锛=1000蟻蠅M=1000脳1.18脳36.5%36.5mol/L=11.8mol/L锛岀瓟锛氭墍寰楃洂閰哥殑鐗╄川鐨勯噺娴撳害涓11.8mol/L锛涳紙2锛...
绛旓細36.5锛咃紱11.8mol路L 锛 1 锛0. 118mol路L 锛 1 锛6鍒嗭級 鑰冩煡鐗╄川鐨勯噺娴撳害鐨勬湁鍏宠绠椼傛隘鍖栨阿鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忔槸224L梅22.4L/mol锛10mol璐ㄩ噺鏄10mol脳36.5g/mol锛365g鎵浠ョ洂閰哥殑璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟鏄 w 锛圚Cl锛夛紳 脳100锛咃紳36.5锛呭張鍥犱负 鎵浠锛圚Cl锛夛紳 锛11.8mol路L 锛 1 鐢变簬...
绛旓細HCl鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲 224/22.4=10(mol)HCl鐨勮川閲10*36.5锛365锛坓锛夋憾娑茬殑璐ㄩ噺365+635*1锛1000锛坓锛塇Cl鐨勮川閲忓垎鏁365/1000脳100锛咃紳36.5锛 c锛圚Cl锛夛紳1000*1.19*36.5%/36.5=11.9(mo/L)绋閲婂悗娴撳害 11.9*10锛1190c 锛宑锛0.1锛坢ol/L锛
绛旓細n=224/22.4=10mol 婧舵恫浣撶Н涓篤 V=m梅瀵嗗害 m=婧惰川+婧跺墏=10*36.5+635*1.0=1000g c=n/V=10梅[锛1000梅1.18锛*10^-3]=11.8mol/L 鐢ㄥ瘑搴︾畻鍑烘潵鐨勪綋绉崟浣嶆槸ml 鎹㈢畻鎴怢 鎵浠ヤ箻浠10^-3
绛旓細224L=10mol=365g璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟=365/锛365+1000锛=26.7%.婧舵恫璐ㄩ噺=1365g,浣撶Н=1365/1.1=1.241L,娴撳害=10/1.241=8.06mol/L
绛旓細224L=10mol 娣峰悎鐗涓鍏遍噸10*36.5+635=1000g 鎵浠ヤ竴鍏辨槸1000/1.2=833.3ml 鎵浠ユ湭绋閲婄殑鐗╄川閲忔祿搴︽槸锛10/0.8333=12mol/L 鐒跺悗绋閲婂叚鍊嶇殑娴撳害鏄12/6=2mol/L 鎵浠1鏄2mol/L 2.鐢变簬璇寸殑鏄弽搴斿悗娣峰悎婧舵恫锛屾墍浠ワ紝鍙嶅簲鍚庣殑婧舵恫涓湁姘寲閽狅紝纰抽吀姘㈤挔銆傚彧鑳界畻涓寖鍥达紝鑼冨洿灏辨槸濡傛灉鍙嶅簲鍓嶆憾娑...
绛旓細婧舵恫涓璈+婧跺害=[n(HCl)+2n锛圚2SO4)]/V锛堟憾娑诧級n(HCl)=224/22.4=10mol; n(H2SO4)=430*1.14*20%/98;娉ㄦ剰鐩愰吀婧舵恫浣撶Н=婧舵恫璐ㄩ噺/瀵嗗害 V(鐩愰吀)=[m(HCl)+m(H2O)]/1.18=[224*36.5/22.4+815*1]/1.18 V锛堟憾娑诧級=V(鐩愰吀)+V(H2SO4),V(H2SO4)=430ml.灏嗘暟鎹甫杩涘幓绠楀氨琛...
