虚拟语气中的倒装句与省略句是什么情况下 英语中的虚拟语气和倒装句式的全部结构
\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u4f8b\u53e5\u548c\u5176\u7684\u5012\u88c5\u53e5\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7528\u5728\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u4e2d\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u540e\u6094\u6216\u63a8\u6d4b\u3002 \u53e5\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\uff1aIf +\u4e3b\u8bed+had been/done\u2026.\uff0c\u4e3b\u8bed+should/could/might/would + have done\u2026.
\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u8868\u793a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u613f\u671b\u3001\u731c\u7591\u3001\u5efa\u8bae\u6216\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7b26\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u662f\u7531\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5982\uff1aIf I were a bird\uff0cI would be able to fly in the air.
\u5982\u679c\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u53ea\u5c0f\u9e1f\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u80fd\u5728\u7a7a\u4e2d\u98de\u884c\u3002
I wish I could pass the examination.
\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8bd5\u3002
May you succeed!
\u795d\u4f60\u6210\u529f\uff01
If only we had been college students last year!
\u4e0a\u4e00\u5e74\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u662f\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u8be5\u591a\u597d\uff01
\u5012\u88c5\u53e5\u7528\u6cd5
\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u53e5\u578b\u662f\u4e3b\u8bed + \u8c13\u8bed\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e0e\u8c13\u8bed\u8c03\u6362, \u79f0\u5012\u88c5\u53e5\u3002
\u88c5\u53e5\u5206\u5168\u5012\u88c5\u53e5\u548c\u534a\u5012\u88c5\u53e5\u3002
\u4e00\u3001 \u5168\u5012\u88c5: \u4e3b\u8bed\u4e0e\u8c13\u8bed\u4ea4\u6362\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u9700\u4efb\u4f55\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd, \u53eb\u5168\u5012\u88c5\u3002\u5168\u5012\u88c5\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5:
1\u3001\u5f53here, there, out, in, up, down\u7b49\u526f\u8bcd\u653e\u5728\u53e5\u9996\u65f6, \u53e5\u5b50\u9700\u5168\u5012\u88c5:
There goes the bell! \u94c3\u54cd\u4e86\uff01 There lived an old man. Here comes the bus.\u6ce8\u610f: \u2460\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5012\u88c5\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u6216be\u52a8\u8bcd, \u50cfgo, come, mush\u7b49\u3002 \u2461\u4e3b\u8bed\u5982\u679c\u662f\u4ee3\u8bcd\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u5012\u88c5\u5982Away he went. \u4ed6\u8d70\u8fdc\u4e86\u3002
2\u3001\u65b9\u4f4d\u72b6\u8bed\u5728\u53e5\u9996, \u5982:
In front of the house stopped a police car.
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
Under the tree sat a boy.
3 \u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u5f15\u8bed\u5728\u53e5\u9996, \u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u5012\u88c5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4e0d\u5012\u88c5
"What does it mean?" asked the boy\u6216the boy asked.
\u4e8c\u3001\u534a\u5012\u88c5: \u4e3b\u8bed\u4e0e\u8c13\u8bed\u7684\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd\u4ea4\u6362\u4f4d\u7f6e\u79f0\u534a\u5012\u88c5, \u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6570\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5:
1,\u5426\u5b9a\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd\u5728\u53e5\u9996, \u53e5\u5b50\u534a\u5012\u88c5, \u4f8b\u5982: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely,seldom
Never shall I forget you. At no time was the man aware of what was happening.
Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.
2\u3001 \u51e0\u5bf9\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u8bcd\u5982not only\u2026but also, hardly\u2026 when\u7b49\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e76\u5217\u53e5, \u8fde\u8bcd\u5728\u53e5\u9996, \u524d\u53e5\u534a\u5012\u88c5, \u540e\u53e5\u4e0d\u5012\u88c5:
Not only was everything he had taker away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away.
No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.
\u6ce8\u610f: \u2460not only\u2026but also\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e76\u5217\u4e3b\u8bed\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u5012\u88c5, \u5982:Not only you but also I like playing chess.
\u2461neither\u2026nor\u5728\u53e5\u9996\u65f6, \u524d\u540e\u4e24\u53e5\u90fd\u9700\u5012\u88c5,Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.
3\u3001only\u5728\u53e5\u9996\u5f3a\u8c03\u72b6\u8bed, \u4e3b\u53e5\u534a\u5012\u88c5:
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only in this way can I learn from my fault.
Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.
\u6ce8\u610f: only\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e0d\u5012\u88c5:Only the teachers can use the room.
4\u3001so\u2026that\u53e5\u578b, so\u5728\u53e5\u9996\u65f6, \u4e3b\u53e5\u5012\u88c5, that\u4ece\u53e5\u4e0d\u5012\u88c5:
So easy is it that a clild can learn it.So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.
I saw the film, so did he.
5.\u7701\u7565\u4e86if\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5
Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something.Were she here, she would support the motion.
1.当虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were, should, had时，我们可以将连词if省略掉，而将were, should, had置于句首。
2.对于条件从句含有should而主句使用陈述语气或祈使语气的句子也可以采用以上方法进行省略和倒装。有时被提到句首的had不是助动词，而是表示“有”的实义动词。
3. 如果条件从句为否定式，注意要将not置于主语之后，而不置于主语之前。
4. 在这类倒装结构中，置于句首的were习惯上不能用was代替。
当虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were, should, had时，我们可以将连词if省略掉，而将were, should, had置于句首。如：
If she were in charge, she would do things differently.=Were she in charge, she would do things differently. 如果是她负责，她会是另一种做法。
If you should change your mind, no one would blame you.=Should you change your mind, no one would blame you. 万一你改变主意，谁也不会怨你。
If the management had acted sooner, the strike wouldn’t have happened.= Had the management acted sooner, the strike wouldn’t have happened. 如果资方早些采取行动，就不会发生罢工了。
几点说明：
1. 对于条件从句含有should而主句使用陈述语气或祈使语气的句子也可以采用以上方法进行省略和倒装。如：
If I should be free tomorrow, I will come. = Should I be free tomorrow, I will come. 如果明天我有空我就来。
If they should attack us, we’ll wipe them out completely.=Should they attack us, we’ll wipe them out completely. 假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。
有时被提到句首的had不是助动词，而是表示“有”的实义动词。如：
Had I the time, I would go. 如有时间我就去。
2. 如果条件从句为否定式，注意要将not置于主语之后，而不置于主语之前。如：
若非你的帮助，我仍会无家可归。
误：Weren’t it for your help, I would still be homeless.
正：Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless.
要不是我亲眼所见，我都不会相信了。
误：Hadn’t I seen it with my own eyes, I would not have believed it.
正：Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I would not have believed it.
3. 在这类倒装结构中，置于句首的were习惯上不能用was代替。如：
如果我是在你的立场，我不愿意做那件事。
If I were in your place, I wouldn’t do that.
→Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.
绛旓細If I had learned it by heart , I would have pass it !鏈夌殑鎯呭喌鏄渷鐣ヤ簡if鎵浠ュ彞瀛愮殑had鎻愬墠灏辨垚浜嗚繖鏍凤細Had I learned it by heart , I would have pass it !钃勫姏璇皵涓渷鐣if鐨勬儏鍐典笅閮借鍊掕锛屼笉璁烘槸涓庣幇鍦ㄤ簨瀹炵浉鍙嶈繕鏄皢鏉ヨ繕鏄繃鍘 锛
绛旓細涓嶅畾寮忕殑鐪佺暐 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the street.)--Alice, why didn鈥檛 you come yesterday?--I was going to (come yesterday), but I had an unexpected visitor 2.21 鍊掕鍙涔嬪叏閮ㄥ掕 鍏...
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绛旓細锛堜簩锛夊湪浠庡彞涓鍊掕 1. as寮曞鐨勮姝ョ姸璇粠鍙ヤ腑鍊掕 Child as he was, he knows a great deal.Disabled as Paul was, he went on serving the people.2. 铏氭嫙璇皵涓锛屽浠庡彞璋撹鍚玾ere, had should锛屽垯鐪佸幓if鐢ㄥ掕 Were I not working, I would be quite willing to do what you ask me...
绛旓細鍏朵粬閮ㄥ垎鍊掕 1) so鈥 that 鍙ュ瀷涓殑so 浣嶄簬鍙ラ鏃讹紝闇鍊掕銆係o frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.2) 鍦ㄦ煇浜涜〃绀虹鎰跨殑鍙ュ瀷涓細May you all be happy.3) 鍦铏氭嫙璇皵鏉′欢鍙ヤ腑浠庡彞璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝鏈墂ere, had, should绛夎瘝锛屽彲灏唅f 鐪佺暐锛屾妸 were, had, should 绉诲埌涓昏...
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绛旓細铏氭嫙璇皵涓惈would鎴栬卪ight鍙笉鍙互鐪佺暐if鐒跺悗浣跨敤鍊掕璇簭锛 鏄 were she to be here ,渚嬪瓙锛欼f I should have known鍊掕涓 Should I have known 铏氭嫙璇皵 鐪佺暐if鐨勫掕 not搴旇鏀惧湪鍝晩锛 鍔╄瘝锛屾儏鎬佸姩璇嶇殑鍚庨潰 (闄堣堪璇簭锛夛紝 鐪佺暐鍊掕鐨勬儏鍐典笅鏀惧湪S锛堜富璇級鐨勫悗闈 铏氭嫙璇皵涓殑鍊掕鍙 濡傛灉...
绛旓細渚嬪锛欼f I were a boy,i think i could understand.杩欏彞璇濈殑鎰忔濇槸锛氬鏋滄垜鏄竴涓敺瀛╋紝鎴戣涓烘垜浼氱悊瑙(濂冲鐨勫績)銆備絾瀹為檯鎯呭喌锛岃杩欏彞璇濈殑浜烘槸涓コ瀛╋紝濂逛笉鍙兘鐢峰锛屾墍浠ヨ鐢铏氭嫙璇皵銆鍊掕鍙鍒嗕负閮ㄥ垎鍊掕鍜屽叏閮ㄥ掕銆傛槸灏嗕竴涓彞瀛愮殑鍔╁姩璇嶃乥e鍔ㄨ瘝鎴栫姸璇瓑鎻愬埌鍙ュ瓙鐨勫墠闈紝鎰忔濅笌鍘熸潵鐨勯檲杩...
