以前中国对外国人名字的音译与现在不同吗？比如安徒生的名字 请问翻译家：我国对于国外的人名和地名的音译原则是什么？
\u8bdd\u8bf4\u4e3a\u5565\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee5\u524d\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u600e\u4e48\u90fd\u90a3\u4e48\u5947\u602a\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u540d\u5b57\u90fd\u662f\u97f3\u8bd1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u97f3\u8bd1\uff0c\u8bfb\u8d77\u6765\u97f3\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u5c31\u597d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540c\u97f3\u5b57\u591a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5f97\u5f88\u50cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u6545\u610f\u8fd9\u6837\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8bfb\u8d77\u6765\u987a\u53e3\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5168\u540d\u80fd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5f97\u5f88\u50cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u662f\u5f88\u5c11\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u540d\u5b57\u90fd\u5f88\u957f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u82f9\u679c\u6559\u7236\u4e54\u5e03\u65af\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5168\u540d\u662fSteve Jobs\uff0c\u97f3\u8bd1\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u53f2\u8482\u592b\u00b7\u4e54\u5e03\u65af\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u65f6\u53eb\u7684\u201c\u4e54\u5e03\u65af\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u59d3\u3002
\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u51fa\u7248\u7684,\u8f9b\u534e\u7f16\u5199.\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u53c2\u8003(\u4e0a\u6d77\u8bd1\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff09\u3001\u300a\u8f9e\u6d77\u300b\u9644\u5f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u540d\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u300a\u82f1\u6c49\u8bd1\u97f3\u8868\u300b\u7684\u6c49\u5b57\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002
\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u3001\u6069\u683c\u65af\u662f\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u518d\u5982\u798f\u5c14\u6469\u65af\uff0cHolmes.
\u8d1d\u52aa\u5229,\u6709\u7684\u8bd1\u4e3a\u8d1d\u52aa\u91cc
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u6709\u5173\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u540d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff1a
\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u4eba\u4eec\u7ffb\u8bd1\u82f1\u8bed\u59d3\u540d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u4e66\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u662f\u65b0\u534e\u901a\u8baf\u793e\u8bd1\u540d\u8d44\u6599\u7ec4\u7f16\u3001\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u82f1\u8bed\u59d3\u540d\u8bd1\u540d\u624b\u518c\u300b\uff08\u6211\u6821\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u66fe\u5165\u85cf\u6570\u5341\u518c\uff0c\u7d22\u4e66\u53f7H315.9-62/X37\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u9664\u6c49\u8bd1\u5916\u518d\u65e0\u522b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u201c\u624b\u518c\u201d\u3002\u5916\u8bed\u6559\u5b66\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u7248\u793e2002\u5e741\u6708\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u82f1\u8bed\u59d3\u540d\u8bcd\u5178\u300b\uff08K811-61/G28\uff09\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u4e30\u5bcc\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u6ce8\u4e86\u97f3\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u59d3\u540d\u5e38\u6709\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u4e00\u822c\u8bfb\u97f3\u89c4\u5219\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6ce8\u97f3\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u8bcd\u4e49\uff0c\u59d3\u540d\u867d\u7136\u53ea\u662f\u533a\u522b\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u4f46\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1b\u5c31\u50cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u680b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u82e5\u611a\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4ece\u5468\u201d\u65e0\u4e0d\u8868\u8fbe\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u601d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u201cCharles\u201d\u3001\u201cJohn\u201d\u3001\u201cPeter\u201d\u4e5f\u90fd\u5404\u6709\u5bd3\u610f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8bed\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fa7\u9762\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u82f1\u8bed\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u6587\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u5f02\u4f53\u548c\u6635\u79f0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u636e\u6b64\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u524d\u603b\u7edf\u514b\u6797\u987f\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u201c\u6bd4\u5c14\u201d\uff08Bill\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u201c\u5a01\u5ec9\u201d\uff08William\uff09\u7684\u6635\u79f0\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7f16\u8457\u8005\u8fd8\u5199\u4e86\u201c\u82f1\u8bed\u59d3\u540d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6f14\u53d8\u201d\u548c\u201c\u82f1\u8bed\u59d3\u6c0f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\u4e24\u7bc7\u77ed\u6587\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u4e5f\u5927\u6709\u88e8\u76ca\u3002
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8bcd\u5178\u4e5f\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u5904\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u672c\u201c\u59d3\u540d\u8bcd\u5178\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u6536\u5f55\u7684\u201c\u540d\u201d\uff08\u6309\u8bcd\u5178\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u4e66\u540d\uff0cChristian
names\uff09\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b8c\u5168\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u59d3\u201d\uff08surnames\uff09\u5c31\u8fdc\u4e0d\u9f50\u5168\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6070\u597d\u662f\u201c\u59d3\u201d\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u67e5\u201c\u540d\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u82f1\u8bed\u8bcd\u5178\u90fd\u9644\u6709\u6216\u8be6\u6216\u7565\u7684\u4eba\u540d\u8868\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u4e14\u5bf9\u5176\u6765\u6e90\u3001\u53d8\u4f53\u3001\u6635\u79f0\u7b49\u6709\u6240\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u540d\u8868\u4e0d\u7ba1\u53eb\u201clist
of common forenames\u201d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current
English\uff09\u8fd8\u662f\u53eb\u201cpersonal names\u201d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982Chambers 20th Century
Dictionary\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u53ea\u5217\u6709\u201cforenames\u201d\uff08\u540d\uff09\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5217\u201csurnames\u201d\uff08\u59d3\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u5178\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u67e5\u5230\u201cWinston\u201d\uff08\u6e29\u65af\u987f\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\uff0c\u5374\u67e5\u4e0d\u5230\u201cChurchill\u201d\uff08\u4e18\u5409\u5c14\uff09\u90a3\u4e2a\u59d3\uff1b\u800c\u4e00\u822c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bfb\u8005\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u7684\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u6b63\u662f\u90a3\u4f4d\u82f1\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u9996\u76f8\u7684\u59d3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ea\u5217\u540d\u800c\u4e0d\u5217\u59d3\u7684\u4eba\u540d\u8868\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5bf9\u6bcd\u8bed\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4ee5\u82f1\u8bed\u4e3a\u5916\u8bed\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u5c31\u4e0d\u5927\u9002\u7528\u4e86\u3002
\u4ece\u53e4\u5230\u4eca\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u5bf9\u56fd\u738b\u6216\u8005\u7687\u5e1d\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u79f0\u540d\u800c\u4e0d\u9053\u59d3\u7684\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u738b\u671d\u7684\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u201c\u59d3\u201d\u90fd\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u90fd\u94ce\u738b\u671d\uff081485\uff5e1603\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u90fd\u59d3\u201cTudor\u201d\uff0c\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279\u738b\u671d\uff081603\uff5e1714\u5e74\uff09\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u90fd\u59d3\u201cStuart\u201d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u79f0\u540d\u624d\u80fd\u76f8\u4e92\u533a\u522b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u4eba\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\u3002\u9664\u5728\u5bb6\u4eba\u53ca\u4eb2\u5bc6\u670b\u53cb\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f4\u547c\u5176\u540d\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u5408\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u79f0\u59d3\u800c\u4e0d\u9053\u540d\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u9700\u8981\u533a\u5206\u201c\u59d3\u201d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u624d\u7528\u5176\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6709\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u4ea8\u5229\u516b\u4e16\u7684\u5ba0\u81e3\u3001\u5bf9\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u738b\u5ba4\u4e0e\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5ef7\u51b3\u88c2\u8d77\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\uff08Thomas
Cromwell\uff0c\u7ea61485\uff5e1540\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6bd4\u4ed6\u665a\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u519b\u4e8b\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u5965\u5229\u5f17\u00b7\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\uff08Oliver
Cromwell\uff0c1599\uff5e1658\uff09\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6307\u660e\u662f\u201cThomas\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201cOliver\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u597d\u533a\u522b\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u7684\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\uff0c\u5168\u540d\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u00b7\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4\uff08Napoleon
Bonaparte\uff0c1769\uff5e1821\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u5c31\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u9053\u59d3\u5230\u79f0\u540d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4ed6\u539f\u6765\u662f\u53eb\u505a\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4\u5148\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5f53\u4e0a\u5c06\u519b\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fd8\u53ea\u53eb\u4ed6\u6ce2\u62ff\u5df4\u5c06\u519b\uff1b\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4ed6\u5f53\u4e0a\u7687\u5e1d\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u79f0\u62ff\u7834\u4ed1\u7687\u5e1d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7834\u4e86\u201c\u4f8b\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u6709\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u56db\u4f4d\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u5316\u540d\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u53ea\u79f0\u540d\u800c\u4e0d\u9053\u59d3\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u8bd7\u4eba\u4f46\u4e01\uff08Dante
Alighieri,1265\uff5e1321\uff09\u548c\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u4f1f\u5927\u753b\u5bb6\uff0c\u5217\u5965\u7eb3\u591a\uff08Leonardo da
Vinci,\uff0c1452\uff5e1519\uff09\u3001\u7c73\u5f00\u6717\u742a\u7f57\uff08Michelangelo Buonarotti\uff0c1475\uff5e1564\uff09\u548c\u62c9\u6590\u5c14\uff08Raffaello
Sanzio\uff0c\u6216Santi,1483\uff5e1530\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u901a\u5e38\u8bd1\u4e3aRaphael\uff09\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u5217\u5965\u7eb3\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6539\u79f0\u5176\u59d3\uff08\u8fbe\u00b7\u82ac\u5947\uff09\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4e09\u4f4d\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e86\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u59d3\u540d\u4e2d\u5e38\u6709\u201cdi\u201d\u6216\u201cda\u201d\u5b57\u6837\uff0c\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684\u201cde\u201d\u6216\u8005\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u201cvon\u201d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u7ea6\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u82f1\u8bed\u201cof\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201cfrom\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6240\u5c5e\u3001\u6216\u8005\u6240\u6765\u81ea\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u201cVinci\u201d\u662f\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5927\u753b\u5bb6\u51fa\u751f\u57ce\u9547\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u201cLeonardoda
Vinci\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u6765\u81ea\u82ac\u5947\u7684\u5217\u5965\u7eb3\u591a\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u82ac\u5947\u7684\u5217\u5965\u7eb3\u591a\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff1b\u5355\u8bf4\u201cda
Vinci\u201d\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u6709\u201c\u82ac\u5947\u4eba\u201d\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u5468\u5e84\u4eba\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5357\u6d54\u4eba\u201d\uff09\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002 G2HQl)
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1946\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u751f\u7406\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7a46\u52d2\uff08Hermann Joseph
Muller,1890\uff5e1967\uff09\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5e02\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u201cHermann\u201d\u8fd8\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u5fb7\u8bed\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u53cc\u5199\uff08\u8868\u660e\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5143\u97f3\u77ed\u8bfb\uff09\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u59d3\uff08Muller\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u82f1\u8bed\u5316\u201d\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u201cu\u201d\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u5fb7\u8bed\u53d8\u5143\u97f3\u201c\u00fc\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u59d3\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u300a\u82f1\u8bed\u59d3\u540d\u8bcd\u5178\u300b\u4e5f\u67e5\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u540c\u6837\u67e5\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u5730\u7403\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u5fb7\uff08Edwin
Roedder\uff09\u7684\u59d3\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4ed6\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u597d\u51e0\u4ee3\u4e86\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e00\u53e5\u5fb7\u8bed\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e2a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u91cf\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u79fb\u6c11\u540e\u4ee3\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81f3\u4eca\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\uff08official
language\uff09\u3001\u4f46\u662f\u901a\u7528\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1b\u867d\u7136\u901a\u7528\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u5374\u53c8\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u90fd\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u975e\u82f1\u8bed\u79fb\u6c11\u8fdb\u5165\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee5\u540e\u4f1a\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u82f1\u8bed\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6765\u975e\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u59d3\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f71\u661f\u9648\u51b2\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4fbf\u662f\u201cJoan
Chen\u201d\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u59d3\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u7528\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u6765\u62fc\u5199\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u6587\u5b57\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u53d8\u5143\u97f3\uff0c\u6cd5\u8bed\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u7684\u5f00\u97f3\u7b26\u3001\u95ed\u97f3\u7b26\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u4f46\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u4e86\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u72b6\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5219\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u201c\u82f1\u8bed\u5316\u201d\u4e86\u3002\u6c49\u8bed\u97f3\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u6e29\u4f2f\u683c\u201d\u7684\u201cWeinberg\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u201cei\u201d\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u6309\u5fb7\u8bed\u8bfb\u4f5c\u3014ai\u3015\uff0c\u800c\u6309\u82f1\u8bed\u8bfb\u4f5c\u3014ei\u3015\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff0c\u90fd\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u59d3\u5341\u5206\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u590d\u6742\uff1b\u4f46\u4eba\u4eec\u53c8\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\u59d3\u3002\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u62fc\u5199\u3001\u8bfb\u97f3\u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u82f1\u8bed\u5316\u201d\u4e86\u7684\u3002
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Gaulle\u201d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u79f0\u4ed6\u201c\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5c11\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u5b8c\u5168\u5c31\u5f97\u8bf4\u201c\u590f\u5c14\u00b7\u6234\u9ad8\u4e50\u201d\u3002\u539f\u6765\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u5f88\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u540d\u5177\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u201cCharles\u201d\u4fbf\u6765\u81ea\u6761\u987f\u8bed\uff08Teutonic\uff0c\u5373\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u8bed\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u5927\u4e08\u592b\u201d\u3002\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u4f5c\u201cCarlos\u201d�\u5361\u6d1b\u65af \uff0c\u5fb7\u8bed\u4f5c\u201cKarl\u201d�\u5361\u5c14 \uff0c\u6cd5\u8bed\u867d\u7136\u62fc\u5199\u4e0e\u82f1\u8bed\u4e00\u6837\u4e5f\u4f5c\u201cCharles\u201d\uff0c\u8bfb\u97f3\u5374\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u6cd5\u8bed\u5b57\u6bcd\u7ec4\u5408\u201cch\u201d\u7684\u8bfb\u97f3\u7c7b\u4f3c\u82f1\u8bed\u201csh\u201d\uff0c\u8bcd\u5c3e\u7684\u201cs\u201d\u5219\u4e0d\u53d1\u97f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6cd5\u8bed\u201cCharles\u201d\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u67e5\u7406\u201d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u201d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u590f\u5c14\u201d\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u6211\u4eec\u6309\u5fb7\u8bed\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u201d\uff08Karl
Marx 1818\uff0d1883\uff09\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a ui
\u4eba\u6309\u82f1\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u201c\u67e5\u7406\u4e94\u4e16\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5361\u6d1b\u65af\u4e94\u4e16\u201d\u3002\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53eb\u201cKarl
V\u201d\uff08\u5361\u5c14\u4e94\u4e16\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u9664\u4e86\u662f\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u56fd\u738b\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u88ab\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u9009\u5e1d\u4faf\u201d\u4eec\u9009\u4e3a\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4ee5\u5fb7\u8bed\u540d\u5b57\u76f8\u79f0\u4e5f\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002 !;
\u4e0e\u201cCharles\u201d\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u5171\u540c\u6765\u6e90\u3001\u4f46\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u8fd8\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c11\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u540d\u3002\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u5b9c\u4e00\u5f8b\u6309\u82f1\u8bed\u8bd1\u51fa\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4e0d\u59a8\u518d\u4e3e\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f9b\u8bfb\u8005\u53c2\u8003\uff1aY"6Ls
John\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\uff0c\u539f\u610f\u5927\u6982\u662f\u201cYag us
gracuiys\u201d\u3002\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\uff0c\u4e0e\u82f1\u8bed\u5f62\u5f0f\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u662f\u5fb7\u8bed\uff0c\u4f5c\u201cJohann\u201d\u6216\u201cJohannes\u201d\uff1b\u6c49\u8bed\u201c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bd1\u540d\uff0c\u5176\u8bfb\u97f3\u6b63\u4e0e\u5fb7\u8bed\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u82f1\u8bed\u76f8\u53bb\u751a\u8fdc\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u7ecf\u5e38\u4ee5\u6635\u79f0\u201cHans\u201d\uff08\u6c49\u65af\uff09\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6635\u79f0\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u6b63\u5f0f\u6559\u540d\u3002\u6cd5\u8bed\u4f5c\u201cJean\u201d\uff08\u8ba9\uff09\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u201cJuan\u201d\uff08\u80e1\u5b89\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u201cGiovanni\u201d\uff08\u4e54\u74e6\u5c3c\uff09\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u201cJan\u201d\uff08\u6768\uff09\uff0c\u4fc4\u8bed\u201cIvan\u201d\uff08\u4f0a\u4e07\u6216\u4f0a\u51e1\uff09\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u3001\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u7684\u201cJanssen\u201d�\u6768\u68ee \u3001\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u201cIvanov\u201d�\u4f0a\u4e07\u8bfa\u592b\u6216\u4f0a\u51e1\u8bfa\u592b \uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u82f1\u8bed\u201c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u201d\uff08Johnson\uff09\u3002
c<+;2
Henry\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u8bed\uff0c\u539f\u610f\u201chouse
ruler\u201d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5fb7\u8bed\u4f5c\u201cHeinrich\u201d\uff08\u6d77\u56e0\u91cc\u5e0c\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u201cHeiz\u201d\u3001\u201cHinz\u201d\u7b49\u6635\u79f0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6cd5\u8bed\u4f5c\u201cHenri\u201d\uff0c\u6cd5\u8bed\u5b57\u6bcd\u201ch\u201d\u662f\u4e0d\u53d1\u97f3\u7684\uff0c\u201cen\u201d\u5219\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u6c49\u8bed\u201c\u6602\u201d\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u97f3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u628a\u6cd5\u56fd\u8db3\u7403\u961f\u90a3\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u524d\u950b\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u4ea8\u5229\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6cd5\u8bed\u8bfb\u97f3\u3002\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u4f5c\u201cEnrico\u201d\uff08\u6069\u91cc\u79d1\uff09\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u4f5c\u201cEnrique\u201d\uff08\u6069\u91cc\u514b\uff09\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u4f5c\u201cHendrik\u201d\uff08\u4ea8\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\uff09\uff0c\u4e0e\u201c\u4ea8\u5229\u201d\u76f8\u53bb\u5c31\u66f4\u8fdc\u4e86\u3002
Peter\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\uff0c\u539f\u610f\u201crock\u201d\u3002\u5fb7\u8bed\u3001\u4fc4\u8bed\u548c\u82f1\u8bed\u4e00\u6837\u90fd\u4f5c\u201cPeter\u201d\uff08\u5f7c\u5f97\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u8bed\u4f5c\u201cPierre\u201d\uff08\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\uff09\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u4f5c\u201cPedro\u201d\uff08\u4f69\u5fb7\u7f57\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u4f5c\u201cPietro\u201d\uff08\u76ae\u7279\u7f57\uff09\uff0c\u632a\u5a01\u8bed\u4f5c\u201cPeer\u201d\uff08\u76ae\u5c14\uff09\u3002\u4fc4\u8bed\u201cPeterov\u201d\uff08\u5f7c\u5f97\u6d1b\u592b\uff09\u610f\u601d\u6b63\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u82f1\u8bed\u201cPeterson\u201d\uff08\u5f7c\u5f97\u68ee\uff09\u3002
sCW#IS
James\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201cfollower supplanter,or
deceiver\u201d\u3002\u5fb7\u8bed\u201cJakob\u201d\uff08\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u8bed\u201cJacques\u201d\uff08\u96c5\u514b\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u73b0\u603b\u7edf\u5e0c\u62c9\u514b\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u4ed6\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u5e0c\u62c9\u514b\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u201cJacopo\u201d\uff08\u96c5\u79d1\u4f2f\uff09\u3001\u201cGiacomo\u201d\uff08\u4e54\u79d1\u83ab\uff09\u6216\u201cIachimo\u201d\uff08\u4e9a\u897f\u83ab\uff09\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u201cJacobo\u201d\uff08\u96c5\u79d1\u4f2f\uff09\u6216\u8005\u201cDiego\u201d\uff08\u8fea\u6208\uff09\u3002
Lewis\uff1a\u6765\u81ea\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u8bed\uff0c\u201cfamous
warrior\u201d\u3002\u5fb7\u8bed\u201cLudwig\u201d\uff08\u8def\u5fb7\u7ef4\u5e0c\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u8bed\u201cLouis\u201d\uff08\u8def\u6613\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6709\u8fc7\u591a\u4f4d\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u56fd\u738b\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u201cLuigi\u201d\uff08\u8def\u6613\u5409\uff09\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u201cLuis\u201d\uff08\u8def\u6613\u65af\uff09\u3002\u50cf\u6cd5\u8bed\u201cLouis\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u8bcd\u5c3e\u8f85\u97f3\u4e0d\u53d1\u97f3\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u540d\u8fd8\u6709\u201cPhilip\u201d\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff08\u53ca\u5176\u591a\u79cd\u5f02\u4f53\uff09\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u201d\uff0c\u6cd5\u8bed\u5219\u5e94\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u8153\u529b\u201d\uff1b\u4ece1052\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u5c06\u8fd1\u4e09\u767e\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u6709\u8fc7\u516d\u4f4d\u53eb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u56fd\u738b\uff08\u8153\u529b\u4e00\u4e16\u5230\u516d\u4e16\uff09\u3002
\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u59d3\u540d\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u5206\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u671f\u5185\u51fa\u73b0\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\uff1b\u4f46\u957f\u671f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4e8b\u4e86\u3002\u59d3\u540d\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u533a\u522b\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u8bd1\u8005\u201c\u968f\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\u201d\uff0c\u7f16\u8f91\u4e0d\u628a\u5173\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u542c\u4e4b\u4efb\u4e4b\uff0c\u201c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201d\u3002
\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u540d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a r
1\uff09\u5df2\u6709\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u8bd1\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u504f\u8981\u53e6\u8bd1\u65b0\u540d\u3002\u628a\u82f1\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u8bd7\u4eba\u84b2\u4f2f\uff08Alexander Pope,
1688\uff5e1744\uff09\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5761\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4e0e\u901a\u5e38\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5761\u201d\u7684\u201cPoe\u201d\u3001\u4f8b\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u8bd7\u4eba\u7231\u4f26\u00b7\u5761\uff08Edgar Allan Poe
1809\uff0d1849\uff09\u76f8\u6df7\u3002\u300a\u4e2d\u5916\u671f\u520a\u6587\u8403\u300b1997\u5e74\u7b2c18\u671f\u300a\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u7684\u9057\u5631\u300b\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u628a\u7eb3\u7cb9\u5fb7\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u4eba\u7269\u6208\u6797\uff08Hermann
G\u00f2ring\uff09\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u683c\u5bbe\u201d\uff0c\u6208\u57f9\u5c14\uff08Joseph Goebbels\uff09\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u683c\u8d1d\u5c14\u65af\u201d\uff0c\u91cc\u5bbe\u7279\u6d1b\u752b\uff08Gertrud von
Ribbentrop\uff09\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u91cc\u672c\u7279\u7f57\u666e\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6807\u65b0\u7acb\u5f02\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8d77\u7801\u7684\u5e38\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u6709\u610f\u9020\u6210\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u51e1\u5df2\u6709\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u8bd1\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4e00\u5f8b\u4ece\u201c\u4fd7\u201d\uff1b\u5373\u4ee4\u539f\u6765\u7684\u8bd1\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5927\u5408\u9002\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u82f1\u8bed\u201cJohn\u201d\u8bd1\u201c
\u7ea6\u7ff0\u201d\uff0c\u201cJohnson\u201d\u8bd1\u201c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u201d\u3002 Hba_8
2\uff09\u628a\u804c\u4e1a\u6216\u5934\u8854\u8bef\u5f53\u4f5c\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u4e00\u4f4d\u5e38\u9a7b\u4f26\u6566\u8bb0\u8005\uff0c\u628a\u6234\u5b89\u5a1c\u7684\u54e5\u54e5\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u4f2f\u7235\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5384\u5c14\u00b7\u65af\u5bbe\u585e\u201d\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u662f\u628a\u4f2f\u7235\u5934\u8854\u201cEarl\u201d\u5f53\u4f5c\u540d\u5b57\u4e86\uff08\u89c1\u300a\u6587\u6c47\u8bfb\u4e66\u5468\u62a5\u300b1997
\u5e7411\u67088\u65e5\uff09\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u5916\u671f\u520a\u6587\u8403\u300b\u90a3\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u53c8\u628a\u90a3\u4f4d\u5927\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\u7684\u79d8\u4e66\u5bb9\u683c\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u79f0\u547c\u201c\u592b\u4eba\u201d\uff08\u5fb7\u8bedFrau\uff09\u8bef\u5f53\u4f5c\u5979\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u97f3\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5f17\u52b3\u201d\u3002\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u5468\u672b\u300b1997\u5e7411\u670814\u65e5\u300a\u5343\u5e74\u7eaa\u300b\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u628a1445\u5e74\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u660e\u6d3b\u5b57\u5370\u5237\u7684\u53e4\u817e\u5821\uff08Johann
Gutenberg\uff09\uff0c\u8bef\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u54e5\u5fb7\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u00b7\u53e4\u817e\u5821\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u539f\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u201cgoldsmith\u201d\u5373\u5fb7\u8bed\u201cGoldschmied\u201d\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u91d1\u5320\uff0c\u9996\u9970\u5320\u201d\uff0c\u8bd1\u8005\u663e\u7136\u662f\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u8bef\u5f53\u4f5c\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e86\u3002\u4eca\u5e74\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5bb6\u5927\u62a5\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u6709\u5173\u4e8c\u6218\u82f1\u56fd\u8499\u54e5\u9a6c\u5229\u5143\u5e05\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u5143\u5e05\u519b\u8854\uff08Field
Marshal\uff09\u8bef\u5f53\u4f5c\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u97f3\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u00b7\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c06\u8d35\u65cf\u79f0\u547c\u201cLord\u201d\u5f53\u6210\u540d\u5b57\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u7f57\u5fb7\u201d\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u7ecf\u5e38\u89c1\u5230\u3002 _9B
3\uff09\u628a\u5fb7\u8bed\u3001\u6cd5\u8bed\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6b27\u6d32\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u6309\u82f1\u8bed\u8bfb\u97f3\u6765\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\u4f53\u80b2\u9891\u9053\u62a5\u9053\u5916\u56fd\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u628a\u6cd5\u56fd\u8db3\u7403\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\u201cPetit\u201d\uff08\u539f\u610f\u662f\u201c\u5c0f\u201d\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u82f1\u8bed\u201cSmall\u201d\uff0c\u5fb7\u8bed\u201cKlein\u201d\uff09\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u4f69\u8482\u7279\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6cd5\u8bed\u8bcd\u5c3e\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd\u201ct\u201d\u4e0d\u53d1\u97f3\uff0c\u4f55\u201c\u7279\u201d\u4e4b\u6709\uff1f
\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u51e0\u6761\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a .
1\uff09\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5b57\u5de5\u4f5c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728\u6c49\u8bed\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u627f\u62c5\u8d77\u7ffb\u8bd1\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u9996\u5148\u5c31\u662f\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u59d3\u540d\u6c49\u8bd1\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u5730\u540d\u7684\u6c49\u8bd1\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u540d\u6765\u81ea\u4eba\u540d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u5c31\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4ee5\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u547d\u540d\u7684\u5730\u540d\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u540d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u59d3\uff0c\u53c8\u6765\u81ea\u5730\u540d\u3002
2\uff09\u8bd1\u540d\u5e94\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u59d3\u540d\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u6bcd\u8bed\u8bd1\u51fa\uff0c\u9075\u4ece\u201c\u540d\u4ece\u4e3b\u7c4d\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u672c\u6587\u4e0a\u9762\u4e3e\u5230\u7684\u201cCharles\u201d\u3001\u201cHeinrich\u201d\u3001\u201cJohn\u201d\u7b49\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u82f1\u8bed\u5316\u201d\u4e86\u7684\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u82f1\u8bed\u8bfb\u97f3\u4e0e\u539f\u6765\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bfb\u97f3\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5206\u522b\u5217\u51fa\u4e24\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bd1\u540d\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u59d3\u201cWeiss\u201d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\u5e94\u8be5\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u6000\u65af\u201d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5219\u5e94\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u97e6\u65af\u201d\u3002\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u662f\u628a\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u738b\u50a8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cCarlos\u201d\uff08\u5361\u6d1b\u65af\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u663e\u7136\u5e94\u8be5\u6309\u82f1\u8bed\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u738b\u5b50\u201d\uff1b\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u628a\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u56fd\u738b\u53eb\u201cJohn
Charles\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5219\u5e94\u6309\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\uff08Juan Carlos\uff09\u8bd1\u6210\u201c\u80e1\u5b89\u00b7\u5361\u6d1b\u65af\u201d\u3002
3\uff09\u51e1\u5df2\u6709\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u8bd1\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4e00\u5f8b\u4ece\u201c\u4fd7\u201d\u3002\u5373\u4ee4\u539f\u6765\u7684\u8bd1\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5927\u5408\u9002\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e73\u4e1a\u5546\u6807\u4e0d\u59a8\u628a\u201cJohnson\u201d\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5f3a\u751f\uff08\u5976\u7c89\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8bd1\u6210\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u201c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u201d\u4e3a\u597d\u3002
4\uff09\u6ce8\u610f\u522b\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u3001\u5934\u8854\u3001\u79f0\u547c\u7b49\u5f53\u6210\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u6df7\u5230\u8bd1\u540d\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u770b\u4f3c\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4e0d\u7559\u5fc3\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u59d3\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u804c\u4e1a\u3001\u5934\u8854\u3001\u79f0\u547c\u5f97\u6765\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u82f1\u8bed\u201cmason\u201d\uff08\u6885\u68ee\uff09\u662f\u77f3\u5320\u3001\u6ce5\u74e6\u5320\uff0c\u201csmith\u201d\uff08\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\uff09\u662f\u94c1\u5320\uff1b\u5fb7\u8bed\u201cSchuhmacher\u201d\uff08\u8212\u9a6c\u8d6b\uff09\u662f\u978b\u5320\uff0c\u201cGraf\u201d\uff08\u683c\u62c9\u592b\uff09\u662f\u4f2f\u7235\uff0c\u201cFa\u03b2binder\u201d\uff08\u6cd5\u65af\u5bbe\u5fb7\uff09\u662f\u7b8d\u6876\u5320\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e00\u4e9b\u76db\u9152\u7684\u5927\u6876\u662f\u7528\u6728\u5934\u7b8d\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fb7\u56fd\u4e0d\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u59d3\u201cFa\u03b2binder\u201d\u7684\u8457\u540d\u7535\u5f71\u5bfc\u6f14\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6709\u4ee5\u201cFa\u03b2binder\u201d\u4e3a\u804c\u4e1a\u7684\u4eba\u3002
5\uff09\u6c49\u8bed\u8bd1\u540d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u9644\u6ce8\u539f\u6587\u4ee5\u5907\u67e5\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u52a0\u6ce8\u751f\u5352\u5e74\u4efd\u3002 WBqH=
\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u540d\u4ece\u4e3b\u7c4d\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\u6709\u65f6\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u597d\u9075\u4ece\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u53c8\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u7684\u8bd1\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\uff08Christopher
Columbus\uff09\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u79fb\u6c11\u540e\u88d4\u70ed\u90a3\u4e9a\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u6309\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u4ed6\u7684\u59d3\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u201cCristoforo
Colombo\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e3a\u8461\u8404\u7259\u201c\u6253\u5de5\u201d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5411\u897f\u6a2a\u6e21\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u3001\u524d\u5f80\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u6ca1\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u8461\u8404\u7259\u738b\u5ba4\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8f6c\u800c\u5411\u90a3\u65f6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6c42\u52a9\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5728\u5361\u65af\u8482\u5229\u4e9a\u5973\u738b\u4f0a\u838e\u8d1d\u62c9\u4e00\u4e16\uff08Isabella
I,1451\uff5e1504\uff09\u8d5e\u52a9\u4e0b\u6210\u884c\u5e76\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u201cCristobal
Colomo\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u53e4\u5178\u8bed\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u59d3\u201cColumbus\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u201cCol\u00f3n\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u513f\u5b50\u5168\u540dDiego
Col\u00f3n\uff09\u3002\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u53eb\u201cCol\u00f3n\u201d\u7684\u5730\u540d\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u90fd\u662f\u7eaa\u5ff5\u4ed6\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u7684\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u201c\u540d\u4ece\u4e3b\u7c4d\u201d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4ece\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u8fd8\u662f\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\uff0c\u662f\u201cColomo\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201cCol\u00f3n\u201d\uff1f\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4ece\u82f1\u8bed\u8bd1\u51fa\u7684\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u7684\u201c\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u90a3\u8bb8\u591a\u5e26\u201cCol\u00f3n\u201d\u5b57\u6837\u7684\u5730\u540d\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e0d\u8be5\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u79d1\u9686\u2026\u2026\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u6539\u6210\u201c\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u2026\u2026\u201d\u4e86\u3002
是的。
以前的翻译和现在的不一样。
以前的翻译叫做威妥玛翻译方法。新中国成立后，国家对外国人名地名的翻译方法做了统一规定。并且在字典上都有附录，可以查到标准的翻译方法。
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