某学生用0.10mol/L标准NaOH溶液滴定某浓度的盐酸.记录数据如下实验编号NaOH溶液的浓度(mol/L)消耗NaOH 某学生用0.1000mol?L-1标准氢氧化钠溶液滴定未知浓...
\u67d0\u5b66\u751f\u75280.10mol/L\u6807\u51c6NaOH\u6eb6\u6db2\u6ef4\u5b9a\u67d0\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u76d0\u9178\uff0e\u8bb0\u5f55\u6570\u636e\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a \u5b9e\u9a8c\u7f16\u53f7 NaOH\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\uff08mol\uff081\uff09NaOH\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e0e\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u5f3a\u9178\u5f3a\u78b1\u76d0\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u5448\u4e2d\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u915a\u915e\u6216\u7532\u57fa\u6a59\u4f5c\u6307\u793a\u5242\uff0c\u6545\u9009\uff1aB\uff1b \uff082\uff09\u78b1\u5f0f\u6ef4\u5b9a\u7ba1\u4e2d\u6392\u6c14\u6ce1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u628a\u6ef4\u5b9a\u7ba1\u7684\u80f6\u5934\u90e8\u5206\u7a0d\u5fae\u5411\u4e0a\u5f2f\u66f2\uff0c\u518d\u6392\u6c14\u6ce1\uff0c\u6545\u9009\uff1aC\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u6ef4\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u773c\u775b\u8981\u6ce8\u89c6\u7740\u9525\u5f62\u74f6\u5185\u6eb6\u6db2\u989c\u8272\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a\u9525\u5f62\u74f6\u5185\u6eb6\u6db2\u989c\u8272\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u5f53\u6ef4\u5165\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6ef4NaOH\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u7531\u65e0\u8272\u53d8\u4e3a\u7c89\u7ea2\u8272\uff0c\u4e14\u534a\u5206\u949f\u5185\u4e0d\u892a\u8272\uff0c\u5373\u4e3a\u7ec8\u70b9\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6ef4NaOH\u6eb6\u6db2\u52a0\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u989c\u8272\u6070\u597d\u7531\u65e0\u8272\u53d8\u4e3a\u6d45\u7ea2\u8272\uff0c\u4e14\u534a\u5206\u949f\u5185\u4e0d\u892a\u8272\uff1b\uff085\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u6c14\u6ce1\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u8ba1\u5165\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u6db2\u6d88\u8017\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6807\u51c6\u6db2\u4f53\u79ef\u6bd4\u5b9e\u9645\u4f53\u79ef\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7ed3\u679c\u504f\u9ad8\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a\u504f\u9ad8\uff1b\uff086\uff09\u4e09\u6b21\u6570\u636e\u5747\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6d88\u8017V\uff08NaOH\u6eb6\u6db2\uff09=19.98+20.02+20.003mL=20.00mL\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5c\uff08\u9178\uff09=c(\u78b1)\u00d7V(\u78b1)V(\u9178)=0.10mol/L\u00d720.00mL20.00mL=0.10 mol/L\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a0.10 mol/L\uff0e
\uff081\uff09\u4e2d\u548c\u6ef4\u5b9a\u6309\u7167\u68c0\u6f0f\u3001\u6d17\u6da4\u3001\u6da6\u6d17\u3001\u88c5\u6db2\u3001\u6ef4\u5b9a\u7b49\u987a\u5e8f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1aD C E A\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u6ef4\u5b9a\u7ba1\u7528\u84b8\u998f\u6c34\u6d17\u6da4\u540e\uff0c\u5185\u58c1\u6709\u4e00\u5c42\u6c34\u819c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76f4\u63a5\u88c5\u6db2\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6d53\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u6eb6\u6db2\u6da6\u6d17\u6ef4\u5b9a\u7ba12-3\u6b21\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a\u9632\u6b62\u6ef4\u5b9a\u7ba1\u5185\u58c1\u9644\u7740\u7684\u6c34\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u6eb6\u6db2\u7a00\u91ca\u800c\u5e26\u6765\u8bef\u5dee\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u662f\u7528NaOH\u6ef4\u5b9a\u76d0\u9178\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u7528\u915a\u915e\u4f5c\u6307\u793a\u5242\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7ec8\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u5f53\u6eb6\u6db2\u7531\u65e0\u8272\u53d8\u4e3a\u6d45\u7ea2\u8272\uff0c\u4e14\u5728\u534a\u5206\u949f\u5185\u4e0d\u892a\u8272\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a\u6eb6\u6db2\u7531\u65e0\u8272\u53d8\u4e3a\u6d45\u7ea2\u8272\uff0c\u4e14\u534a\u5206\u949f\u5185\u4e0d\u892a\u8272\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u9525\u5f62\u74f6\u7528\u84b8\u998f\u6c34\u6d17\u6da4\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u518d\u7528\u5f85\u6d4b\u6db2\u6da6\u6d17\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u9525\u5f62\u74f6\u5185\u6eb6\u8d28\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u4f1a\u9020\u6210V\uff08\u78b1\uff09\u504f\u5927\uff0c\u6839\u636ec\uff08\u9178\uff09=c(\u78b1)\u00d7V(\u78b1)V(\u9178)\uff0c\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7ed3\u679c\u504f\u9ad8\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a\u504f\u5927\uff1b\uff085\uff09\u6ef4\u5b9a\u7ba1\u7684\u523b\u5ea6\u7531\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u523b\u5ea6\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4e3a0.01mL\uff0c\u7531\u56fe\u53ef\u77e5\u7ec8\u70b9\u8bfb\u6570\u4e3a21.10mL\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a21.10\uff1b\uff086\uff09C\uff08HCl\uff09=C(NaOH)\u00d7V(NaOH)V(HCl)=0.1000\u00d7(21.10?3.10)20.00=0.0900mol?L-1\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a0.0900mol?L-1\uff0e
(1)NaOH溶液与盐酸反应生成强酸强碱盐,溶液呈中性,可选择酚酞或甲基橙作指示剂,故选:B;(2)碱式滴定管中排气泡的方法:把滴定管的胶头部分稍微向上弯曲,再排气泡,故选:C;
(3)滴定时,眼睛要注视着锥形瓶内溶液颜色的变化,故答案为:锥形瓶内溶液颜色的变化;
(4)三次数据均有效,平均消耗V(NaOH溶液)=
19.98+20.02+20.00 |
3 |
c(碱)×V(碱) |
V(酸) |
0.10mol/L×20.00mL |
20.00mL |
故答案为:0.10 mol/L;
(5)锥形瓶水洗后未干燥,待测液的物质的量不变,V(标)不变,根据c(待测)=
V(标)×c(标) |
V(待测) |
V(标)×c(标) |
V(待测) |
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