现在分词作状语，现在分词作定语，过去分词作定语都是些什么？？？ 英语中现在分词作定语的含义及和过去分词作状语的区别
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回答：
现在分词作状语时，可以表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、方式等，其逻辑主语要和句子主语要一致。现在分词作状语时，有主动语态和被动语态，有一般式（doing, being done)和完成式（having done, having been done）。其一般式表示现在分词的动作与句子谓语的动作同时发生或现在分词动作一发生，谓语动作紧跟着发生；其完成式则表示句子谓语的动作在现在分词的动作之后发生。现在分词的否定是在其前面加not。例如：
Being ill(=As he was ill), he didn't come.
Hearing the news(= When he heard the news), he jumped with joy.
Having finished the work(= After he had finished the work), he went home.
Not working hard (= If you don't work hard), you will be fired(解雇）.
Being repaired now(= As the library is being repaired now), the library cannot be open to the public.
He stood there stairing at Mary(= and staired at Mary).
现在分词作定语有前置和后置之分。单个词一般要前置；两个词以上的短语必须后置。 现在分词作定语可以表示：1）正在进行的动作；2）主动关系，但不在进行。现在分词作定语时有一般式，但没有完成式；有主动语态（doing)和被动语态(being done)。例如：
I know the man standing there(= ... the man who is standing there).
They cried at the exciting news (= ... at the news which is exciting).
The house facing south(= The house which faces south) is a clinic.
The car being repaired now(= The car which is being repaired now) is Jane's.
过去分词作定语也有前置和后置之分，单个词一般要前置，偶尔也有后置的；两个词以上的短语必须后置。过去分词作定语时表示：1）被动关系，无时间性; 2 ) 被动关系，完成的动作。 但是，不及物动词的过去分词作定语则表示主动关系，完成的动作。例如：
She is cleaning the fallen leaves(=... the leaves which have fallen) in front of the house.
This is a photo taken last week(= ... a photo which was taken last week).
There are five minutes left ( ...five minutes which have been left).
I like read the works written by Lu Xun( = the works which were written by Lu Xun).
Polluted air and water ( = Air and water which are polluted) will affectour health.
He is a retired worker （= ...a worker who has retired).
We know the student called Jack (= ... the student who is called Jack).
4 Not understanding the local language, I found it hard to communicate with the local people.
5 He sat in the chair reading newspaper.
6 The meeting held yesterday is very important.
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